Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder - 1675 Words

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience different aspects of theory of mind (ToM) and in a different order when compared with typically developing children (Kimhi, 2014). ToM influences social functioning and understanding of others (Peterson et al., 2016) Studies have shown that individuals with ASD perform lower on ToM tasks than typically developing individuals (Kimhi, 2014). Children with ASD may have a disadvantage because research has shown that ToM is influenced by other factors such as age, IQ, and language abilities (Kimhi, 2014; Peterson et al., 2016). Children with ASD are developmentally behind in age-appropriate milestones, IQ can be low, and language abilities are limited. ToM is stunted due to the affected†¦show more content†¦Literature Review Autism DSM definition Dx (DSM-5, †¦.) (Leekam, 2016) The symptoms and core views of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have changed throughout time from affective bases to repetitive behaviors as a distinct symptom (Leekam, 2006). The Diagnostic S Manual 5 (DSM-5) defines ASD as†¦ Theory of mind has become a topic of interest and a possible factor that influences social deficits individuals with autism may face (Leekam, 2016). Theory of Mind Definition Theory of mind is the ability to infer mental and emotional states of others and behave accordingly and predict the others’ behavior or thoughts ( ). ToM was historically described as a single cognitive process but new research has shown that ToM is included in several brain regions and the ToM concepts exceed the original definition (Westby Robinson, 2014). Now, ToM has been found to be involved in thinking of emotions, thoughts, and intentions as well as, dissociable ToM which is thinking of others’ thoughts, emotions, and intentions (Westby Robinson, 2014). In addition, ToM can be thought of as affective-cognitive which is also known as cognitive empathy were a person can recognize and respond to their own feelings and others. Another component that research has revealed is affective empathy, which is when a

Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification...

Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression Scheff’s Labelling Theory is a process which involves labelling people with mental disorders when they produce behaviour that does not fit with socially constructed norms and labelling those who reflect stereotyped or stigmatized behaviour of the ‘mentally ill’. A disadvantage of labelling an individual with depression is that labelling can accentuate and prolong the issue. In addition by labelling someone with depression who in fact is not depressed may in fact become depressed as a result. Another problem is that labelling an individual with depression means that they can have problems with getting a job and leading a life in the future because†¦show more content†¦There are also issues relating to reliability which may affect the diagnosis. One type is Test-retest reliability, which occurs when a practitioner makes the same consistent diagnosis on separate occasions from the same information. In terms of depression this can be applied if the same Doct or or Psychiatrist gives a patient a diagnosis of depression on two separate occasions. The other is Inter-rater reliability occurs when several practitioners make identical, independent diagnoses of the same patient. This can be applied to depression by confirming that the diagnosis of depression is accurate in a given situation. Issues of validity also arise in the diagnosis of depression. For example, Predictive validity occurs if diagnosis leads to successful treatment, then the diagnosis can be seen as valid. Under the heading of depression, there are a series of depressive disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder, Pre-Menstrual Disorder etc. In terms of depression predictive validity will occur if the right diagnosis is made followed by a subsequent correct course of action. Research by Sanchez-Villegas et al (2008) supports the ‘predictive validity’ of depression diagnosis. They assessed the validity of the Structured Clinical Interview to diagnose depression, finding that 74.2% of those originally diagnosed as depressed had been accuratelyShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 Pages3 CHAPTER Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior CHAPTER OUTLINE HOW ARE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS METHODS OF ASSESSMENT 80–99 CLASSIFIED? 70–77 The Clinical Interview The DSM and Models of Abnormal Behavior Computerized Interviews Psychological Tests STANDARDS OF ASSESSMENT 77–80 Neuropsychological Assessment Reliability Behavioral Assessment Validity Cognitive Assessment Physiological Measurement SOCIOCULTURAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS IN ASSESSMENT 99–100 SUMMING UP 100–101 TRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesa lot more co-morbidities that need to be treated. Being brought to the ED is extremely expensive. Critical interventions are very costly, and so are all the diagnostic tests that must be done. They usually don’t have insurance. High mental heath issues in the homeless population. High risk for infections, trauma, violence. Don’t age very well. Where do they seek health care services? (pg. 425, Effects of Homeless on Health) Health care is usually crisis oriented and sought in emergency departmentsRead MoreOlder Clients Essay8017 Words   |  33 Pages a) What is the difference between a hostel and a nursing home? A Hostel is for residents with low care needs and a Nursing Home offers high care for residents requiring more intensive care. b) Differentiate between nd identify the classifications of clients you might find in each. Hostel Care – (Low Care) Low Carel accommodation is primarily for people who find it very difficult to live at home and who require assistance with personal care and daily living tasks. A resident is classifiedRead MoreNeonatal Respiratory distress syndrome reflective practice Essay5076 Words   |  21 Pagescaring for a sick neonate with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in the neonatal unit. This has enabled me to explore the meaning and significance of my clinical practice and to recognise the complexities within it. The experience raises a number of issues frequently encountered in daily nursing practice. Within this assignment, I will be discussing a particular pre term baby with RDS and critically analyse the use of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (NCPAP) and surfactant therapy and possibleRead MoreBrand Preference of Gym Enthusiasts on Energy Drink Products14209 Words   |  57 Pagestime were collected and processed by the National Panel Diary Group Company (NPD) from 1992 to 2001, containing 775,976 observations. Each respondent identified if he or she made a meat purchase based on brand preferences, thus giving a binary classification for ea ch purchase. Research Design: Probit models are specified and estimated to reveal the likelihood of brand recognition for each type of meat category and then the four meats are pooled into a single model to reveal the estimates for theRead MoreChange Management49917 Words   |  200 Pagesfor new changes and challenges arising from sudden shifts in the world economy and in the nature and content of knowledge itself. If we take an external perspective for a moment, the average modern organization has to come to terms with a number of issues, which will create a need for internal change. Six major external changes that organizations are currently addressing or will have to come to terms with in the new millennium are : 1. A large global marketplace made smaller by enhanced technologiesRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesk h ta r A h m e d Challenges/Issues of Managing Human Resources in present era Following are the main issues that are faced by the mangers to manage the workforce of today’s organization for achievement of objectives. a. To Attract People People will be interested to join any organization if it is providing them quality working environment, attractive benefit and opportunities to excel in future. Keeping in view the opportunities in the market, the first issues will be to attract good people forRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesprice) could impact the distribution area (e.g., increases shipments, generates higher traffic). Additionally, options within the toolkit are affected by factors that are not controlled by the marketer. These factors include economic conditions, legal issues, technological developments, social/cultural changes, and many more. While not controllable, these external factors must be monitored and dealt with since these can potentially cause conside rable harm to the organization. Ignoring outside elementsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesresult oriented but also to be wise in their decision making. This requires that they have a deeper than superficial understanding of management and organization issues. McAuley et al. helps student and managers understand organizational performance without having to go through extensive reading. It deepens their understanding of issues with which they are confronted in practice, by putting them into a larger context. This book really helps students and managers to become wiser. Professor Renà © TissenRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSoftware In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for Scale Self-Awareness 46 Self-Awareness Assessment 46 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 47 The Defining Issues Test 48 v Cognitive Style Indicator 52 Locus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58

Birmingham International Airport †Competitors Free Essays

Like any other airport, Birmingham International has enough competitors that want their own share of its market. The theory is the bigger the better, and better = more profit. This means that BIA will keep having to continually renew their prices so that they stay ahead of the market, and cause their opposition to loose out. We will write a custom essay sample on Birmingham International Airport – Competitors or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will now discover how BIA keeps ahead of their game, consistently from year to year. One way that BIA keeps ahead is making sure that the facilities that they offer are up to scratch at all times, and they constantly update them to meet demand, and maintain them if necessary (such as toilets etc). BIA have also displayed instances where they care for the customer, one by investing in the EuroHub tunnel, and the other by adding an ‘Air-Rail’ link to the airport, one of this have decreased the flight transfer times dramatically, and the other has made the travelling times lower than they were before. By creating and maintaining these type of facilities, they do not award their competitors the opportunity to beat them at their own game, and therefore will always stay on top, which has been proven in my other parts of work (how big they are). Referencing to the ‘Master Plan’ again, they are going to develop the airport fore dramatically which shows again they are always growing bigger, and reducing the opportunity for any other airports to get in edgeways. If you were to contrast this airport against their major rivals you will see that London’s Heathrow has become the biggest mainly because of the flights, facilities and the number of runways that are on offer. An airport that is hardly referenced to is ‘Heathrow’ whom is growing at a rate like BIA, as they too have released plans to increate their traffic to 30,000,000 passengers flying with them every year, which was names the ‘Development Strategy for the year 2005’. Airport are no longer about providing solely the best flights, but they are about providing the best overall facilities to their customers, and if they fail to do this, you may see that in the future, they could loose out on potential customers. Alike with any business, BIA would encourage all customers to use the facilities more, an implying to use their competitors less! Despite this, you cannot persuade someone to travel from Heathrow to Birmingham so they can fly internationally, as this would not make sense if they could fly from their local airport, unless there were exquisite travel links, which took a fraction of the time that they should have. As a result of this, they would only try to tap the market that are available to them, which may result as far out as London, but if their campaigns produced results, then this would be all worth while. For example, London’s Heathrow have an internal ‘train’ system that will connect you from terminal to terminal, which I have personally experiences. This is like no other, and the facilities that are provided by them are excellent (not that I have tried BIA’s personally), so I would find that hard to beat. On the other hand, if the facilities of BIA are anything like theirs, then they would stand a chance of matching the size of Heathrow, but this would not happen with the right staff motivation, capital and long term experience. One of the main factors within the competition is the flights, or even the lack off, and prices. For example, if someone in the vicinity of BIA is charged double that to fly to the destination they want that Heathrow is quoting, then it would obviously make sense for them to go to a different airport, which would mean BIA will loose customers quickly. The rule â€Å"it’s 8 times harder to win an old customer back as to gain a new one† takes a leading role here. Providing that BIA has the right accessibility to their airports, and the fact that they offer good prices would mean that they will be quite successful in the long term. As you can see from my research below (provided courtesy of Expedia.co.uk), there are major price variations with the same flights: Birmingham International Airport Global: Adults: 2 | Children: 0 As you can see from my research above, it is not completely obvious who is the cheapest in the market, because it depends solely upon where the flight’s destination is. For example: * At the specified time period, BIA was the cheapest to fly to Barcelona * In spite of this, they were the most expensive to fly to Copenhagen (When compared to Gatwick and Heathrow) I believe that the reason that BIA cannot be the cheapest for all of the available flights is because of the fact that if a fly is not popular, they would not fly that often, so tickets may be more expensive (for advanced bookings). As everyone has witnessed over the past year or so, each of the airports has had to dramatically increase the security due to terror attacks. They’ve had to reduce the number of liquids that you may carry on a flight, and they have diverted even entire flights because they thought there was a suspected attack, where 99% of the time, the were wrong. This shows that competition for security is not always good, as it may put of even the most frequent flyers because of all of the security checks that are involved. How to cite Birmingham International Airport – Competitors, Papers

Review of Caterpillars Code of Ethics Essay Example For Students

Review of Caterpillars Code of Ethics Essay Review of Caterpillars’ Code of Ethics Caterpillar Incorporated (Caterpillar) is the world’s top in manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines and industrial gas turbines. In 2008, Caterpillar reported sales revenue of $51. 3 billion dollars from domestic and worldwide operations (Caterpillar, 2008). As reported in Caterpillar’s 2008 Annual Report, Caterpillar is a worldwide company with 67% of their sales from outside of the United States (Caterpillar, 2008). With a global reach and influence, Caterpillar has recognized the need to develop and implement a Code of Conduct to guide its management and employees in their daily practices to make Caterpillar the efficient and profitable global leader it is today. Author, Muel Kaptein (2004) analyzes the business code of several multinational firms to ascertain universal structure and meaning. In his study he states â€Å"A business code is a policy document that defines the responsibilities of the corporation towards its stakeholder and/or the conduct the corporation expects of employees† (Kaptein, 2004 p. 3). Caterpillar recognized in 1974 a need to develop a Code of Conduct to guide its company and employees to act in an ethical manner. According to Caterpillar, their Code of Conduct establishes â€Å"what we stand for and believe in, documenting the uncompromising high ethical standards our company has upheld since its founding in 1925† (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 1). Since 1974, Cat erpillar has updated their code of conduct several times to fit the changing world and their diverse workforce. We will write a custom essay on Review of Caterpillars Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Caterpillar’s 2005 version of their Code of Conduct, their most current, has four values that they highlight as the foundation of their code of conduct; Integrity, Excellence, Teamwork and Commitment (Caterpillar, 2005). Caterpillar’s first value referenced in its Code of Conduct is Integrity. Caterpillar emphasis their choice of the word of integrity â€Å"as the foundation of all we do† (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 5). They use integrity to communicate to their employees the ethics of honesty and how they should guide themselves in their dealings with customers, suppliers, and all those that they come in contact with. In the post Enron era, a company must have honesty before any customers, suppliers, investors or general public has faith in their credibility as a company. The next pillar of Caterpillars Code of Conduct is Excellence. The excellence credo is further highlighted in the 2005 Code of Conduct as â€Å"The Power of Quality† (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 11). Caterpillar is trying to impart to the stakeholders and their employees that they strive for excellence in everything they do. Caterpillar has built a line of products and has a long standing tradition of high quality products that are in demand around the world. To build the quality they do, they instill the concept of excellence in their employees, suppliers and dealers. An important part of any successful business is the ability to develop and nurture a culture of teamwork. The third principal Caterpillar notates in its Code of Conduct is teamwork, in which they stress that they â€Å"know by working together, we can produce better results than any of us can achieve alone† (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 7). Caterpillar also uses the principal of teamwork to emphasis that the global and cultural diversity of their company is a competitive strength. In an enlightening approach to teamwork, Avshalon Adam and Dalia Rachman-Moore (2004), discuss how companies implement their ethical codes. They have identified teamwork as â€Å"having the most influence on the behavior† and that â€Å"teamwork style disc ourages deviation and encourages co-operation with the organization† (Adam and Rachman-Moore, 2004 p. 232). Teamwork can be seen as the binding force that enables a company to successfully implement and communicate it values and ethics across the company. Caterpillar uses the fourth value of â€Å"Commitment: The Power of Responsibility† (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 23) to outline its commitment â€Å"with whom we work, live and serve† (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 23). An example of Caterpillars commitment to those they live with is exemplified in how they conducted themselves after locating facilities in the Brazilian town of Piracicaba. .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f , .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .postImageUrl , .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f , .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:hover , .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:visited , .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:active { border:0!important; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:active , .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufbc722a17ae6eb8c161f83a02040f90f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet- the story of impulse EssayCaterpillar partnered with the local government to provide guidance and expertise to develop the city. It did have benefits to Caterpillar, but it also showed the integrity to partner with others for mutual benefit to society. Author, Margaret Griesse (2007) illustrated Caterpillar’s leadership and commitment to an underdeveloped community in which they headquarter the Brazilian operations and how they aided the community to the benefit of all stakeholders. The community-based effort led by Caterpillar to elaborate and carry out a sustainable development plan for the city is notable example how a firm can encourage civil p articipation and offer strategic planning know-how to civil-society organizations† (Greisse, 2007 p. 39). Caterpillar recognized early an importance of sharing and communicating its ethics across its global company. It has, over the years, adapted and updated their Code of Conduct as it recognizes the social and business changes throughout the world. The Code of Conduct that Caterpillar publishes truly is the foundation and spirit of how they conduct business and treat all their stakeholders. Caterpillar summarizes this notion best in their introduction to their Code of Conduct, â€Å"The Code of Conduct is the most important document we produce at Caterpillar. † (Caterpillar, 2005 p. 1) References Adam, A. , Rachman-Moore, D. (2004). The Methods used to implement an ethical code of conduct and employee attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 225-244. Caterpillar. (2005). Our values in action: Caterpillar’s worldwide code of conduct. Retrieved January 2, 2009 from http://www. cat. com/cda/files/853384/7/2005_code_body_EnglishFull. pdf Caterpillar. (2008). Big challenge: 2008 annual report. Retrieved January 2, 2009 from http://www. cat. com/cda/files/1401923/7/Caterpillar%202008%20Annual%20Report%20-%20electronic%20only. pdf Griesse, M. (2007). Caterpillars interaction with piracicaba, brazil: a community-based analysis of csr. Journal of Business Ethics, 73, 39-51. Kaptein, M. (2004). Business codes of multinational firms: what do they say?. Journal of Business Ethics, 50, 13-31.