The Value of Multiculturalism and Diversity in Business Essay

The Value of Diversity and Multiculturalism in Business Diversity and Multiculturalism are two topics that, themselves, are not new. To start off with a uniform basic understanding, what are diversity and multiculturalism? According to Merrium-Webster, Diversity is ‘the condition of having or being composed of differing elements, especially the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization’. Whereas, Merrium-Webster defined multiculturalism as ‘relating to, reflecting, or adapted to diverse cultures’. Simply put, Diversity is the differences themselves, while multiculturalism is the ability to connect with and respect those differences. When it comes to business, coming†¦show more content†¦Once these differences on a fundamental level are overlooked, the openness will set in along with its benefits. According to the Center for American Progress, ‘a diverse workforce is integral to a strong economy.’ Some of the benefits listed by the Center for American Progress are that ‘A diverse workforce drives economic growth†¦can capture a greater share of the consumer market†¦[creates] a more qualified workforce†¦[and] fosters a more creative and innovative workforce†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Kerby and Burns, Jul 2012). However, found in the study by the Journal of Business Communication, the lack of acceptance and therefore lack of diversity in the workforce will halt all of these benefits (Fine, Oct 1996, pg487). Essentially, the business that are moving forward and taking over the market are the ones with diverse workforces. They can draw from various backgrounds as well as come together to aim their product or service at a wider field of consumers. These businesses embrace differences and therefore are able to reach out and break through to these newly found markets. Multiculturalism Each culture holds its own strengths and weaknesses. When these cultures come together, a massive range of talents can be brought together. ‘Multicultural discourses that incorporate the diverse voices of all workers will not only transform our public and private economic organizations, they will also reinvigorate our public discourses and political institutions, strengthening ourShow MoreRelatedMichelle Julia Anderson- 250848884. 2230E- Erin Orr. Tuesday,1329 Words   |  6 PagesOrr Tuesday, February 7th, 2017 Multiculturalism has played a significant role in Canada, since its establishment 40 years ago. Much of Canadian society is reflective of different cultures from around the world making multiculturalism a very relevant topic to Canadians. While it can be argued that the majority of Canadians are in favor of multiculturalism, there are some who hold a different opinion. Though some critics claim that multiculturalism promotes a form of ‘hyphenated Canadianism’Read MoreEssay on Views and Definitions of Multiculturalism924 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION: There are different views and definition of multiculturalism; the definition of multiculturalism depends on the context in which it is used. In sociology, multiculturalism is the idea that various cultures exist in a society and all these cultures deserve equal treatment (Macionis, 2010). Sociologists believe that members of different cultures can live peacefully alongside each other and assimilation is not necessary. This essay will focus on both the positive aspects and the main tensionsRead MoreEffects Of Multiculticulturalism925 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION: There are different views and definition of multiculturalism; the definition of multiculturalism depends on the context in which it is used. In sociology, multiculturalism is the idea that various cultures exist in a society and all these cultures deserve equal treatment (Macionis, 2010). Sociologists believe that members of different cultures can live peacefully alongside each other and assimilation is not necessary; but this does not happen in all multicultural societies. This essayRead MoreEssay on The Canadian Mosaic Vs. The U.S. Melting Pot1707 Words   |  7 Pagesrenown for being one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and work together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens being first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to preserve and e nhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equality inRead MoreThe Canadian Mosaic vs. the U.S. Melting Pot1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrenown for being one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and work together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens being first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to preserve and enhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equality inRead MoreDemographic Factors Research909 Words   |  4 Pagestheir products. Coca Cola was invented on May 1886 by John Stith Pemberton in Jacob’s pharmacy in Atlanta, GA (Coca Cola, 2009). The name for the company was suggested by his bookkeeper Frank Robinson. The Coca Cola is a globalized company and has business practices put in place that are built on simplicity and solidity. The Coca-Cola Company and its network of bottlers include the most sophisticated and all-encompassing production and distribution system in the world (Coca Cola, 2009). That systemRead MoreThe Diversity Of The Multicultural Company, And Australia And China923 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment such as diversity, multiculturalism, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, cultural differences, barriers and cultural intelligence will be discussed. Furthermore, analyse the differences in national cultures and differences in political, social and economic systems in order to help managers succeed in a foreign country. Moreover, the essay has investigated how Australian managers concentrate on decision-making and intercultural communication as a result of operating business successfully. TheRead MoreAoteaora New Zealand s Society Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesZealand’s society and has a massive impact in its history. Having a clear understanding of it is crucial in order to be more appreciative of how diverse New Zealand’s society has become, and it also helps us discern the negative aspects of diversity and multiculturalism. By examining and understanding biculturalism, it helps us discern the Treaty of Waitangi’s role and influences in the human services provision here in New Zealand. Biculturalism is quite a specific concept, but there are many diverseRead MoreOperations994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe following: †¢ Value System: A guide of values for which people of a given culture abides by at all times. †¢ Language: The vernacular spoken by the native people. †¢ Business Etiquette: Good manners shown toward employees partners when conducting business. †¢ Religious Practices: Religious beliefs like Christianity for example. 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Impact of Alzheimers Disease in the United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2858 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? This study intends to investigate the impact of Alzheimers disease in various sectors such as economy where the cost of care giving and cost of treatment are costly causing the economys resources to be diverted there. The cost of care giving continues to rise with time and by 2050, it is estimated that the cost will rise to about 1.1 trillion U.S. Dollars. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Alzheimers Disease in the United States" essay for you Create order The study illustrates that Alzheimers disease is among the most expensive diseases to diagnose and treat in America compared to others such as cancer and coronary heart diseases. Annual costs for treatment and caregiving ranges to 100 billion U.S. Dollars. Alzheimers disease also leads to serious human suffering, hence people quitting from their jobs and their special activities since it interferes with someones livelihood. According to this study, Alzheimers disease is speculated to lead America to bankruptcy within the next few decades. However, the situation can be remedied by various steps such as establishing Federal Programs for health systems to improve on prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimers disease, and supporting the work organizations such as a Alzheimers Association in fighting Alzheimers disease. This will go a long way to save the nation. Impact of Alzheimers Disease in United States Introduction Alzheimers disease is a prevalent dementia type associated with memory challenges, reasoning, and deficiency in cognitive abilities. The main risk factors for Alzheimers disease include a rise in the number of aging people, since the majority of the population with Alzheimers disease age about 65. According to the Alzheimers Association, Alzheimers disease worsens as time goes by since it continually progresses once a patient develops the symptoms (Alzheimers 2015). The early symptoms include mild loss of memory, but later stages also show the reduced ability for patients to respond appropriately to their current environment, the inability to maintain relationships with other people, and the inability to hold a proper conversation. Various medical reports show that Alzheimers disease has no known cure, although there is an available treatment for symptoms. Furthermore, there is extensive research being done to come up with th e full cure. Although the current treatment is not in a position to prevent the progression of Alzheimers disease, it plays a significant role in enhancing lifespan and slows down the rate of increased symptoms. Alzheimers disease has been the main cause of worry in many nations over the decades due to the number of deaths it causes. The lifespan for those who develop the disease is about eight years once the symptoms can become evident, while survival rates range from four to five years in individuals, although this is dependent on health, condition, and age. According to the Alzheimers Association, there has been an enormous burden caused by Alzheimers disease and other dementias to many countries, especially the American state. This burden mainly goes to the American government, individuals, caregivers, and health organizations systems. According to the annual report made by the Alzheimers Association, there is a huge population living with the disease; it is estimated to be at about 5.7 million. The report estimates that this number is likely to project to about 14 million by 2050. Alzheimers disease is among the six leading causes of death in the U.S. and a health care organization repo rts that Alzheimers disease has been causing more deaths in the past and current decades than those produced by both prostate cancer and breast cancers. It is a worrying situation as the disease develops in a U.S. individual every 60 seconds, this rate is likely to rise to 33 seconds by the year 2050. Americans family preoccupied with the needs and fear of relatives with Alzheimers disease and other dementias due to the cost in providing care. The report estimates that 16.1 million citizens cannot meet the cost of delivering care, hence causing massive debts and putting a heavy burden on the caregivers. Patients with Alzheimers disease require 18.4 hours of caregiving according to the 2017 report; this caregiving is estimated to cost about 232 billion U.S. dollars. The total cost of caregiving and treatment, according to this report, is likely to increase to 277 billion U.S. dollars, causing the nation to direct a lot of resources to the health sector. Worse is, the costs will continue to rise over the decades despite the various campaigns being held all over America. The report estimates that by 2050, the price will increase to about 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars. Therefore, medical practitioners and health care in general have a role to play in carrying out early, precise, and accurate diagnoses, further research on the etiology and risk factors for the disease, and proper treatment with a mission to save masses of people ( Heneka et al. 2015). Also, there is a high possibility of salvaging 7.9 trillion U.S. dollars from the medical and caregiving costs. There have been significant efforts and fights against Alzheimers disease. The leading organization in America in fighting to end Alzheimers disease is the Alzheimers Association. This organizations sole mission and objective is to eliminate Alzheimers disease and all other dementias by taking up advanced research, providing enhanced care for patients, and reducing the risk factors for all dementias by ensuring proper brain health and creating adequate awareness to the citizens through their various campaigns. Other organizations include the BrightFocus Organization, Alzheimers Research Organization, and the Auguste Deter Foundation. These organizations have dire need to control the development of Alzheimers disease due to its many impacts, especially on the economy of America. This article elaborates further on the general the impact of mortality, caregiving, and the costs of treatment of Alzheimers disease in the U.S. Alzheimers disease leads to severe human suffering. The patient undergoes a period of a lack of awareness, reduction in cognitive behavior, loss of memory, impaired eyesight, impaired speaking and writing. Sudden change of personality especially in mood to mood changes and inability to carry out daily activities, hence withdrawing from working environments and consequently, there is an increased dependency on their relatives (Norton et al.2014). They often require close attention through caregiving; it forces them to cut on food budgets to meet the cost of caregiving which is very costly. This is primarily in the elderly who require hospice services and long-term care since they cannot do anything for themselves. Alzheimers comes along with various syndromes such as difficulty in sleeping, cases of prolonged depression, apathy, and hyperactivity (Rosenberg et al. 2015). These syndromes require non-stop care and medical attention that have proved to be very costly. Alzheimers disease is associated with the inability to exercise clear judgment, hence, patients are not in a position to make decisions by themselves. They are unable to communicate appropriately with those they have direct relationships with using both verbal and non-verbal cues. Alzheimers disease has a tremendous economic impact on the United States. It is among the most expensive conditions to diagnose and treat in the U.S., and it is the third most costly disease in the U.S. following cancer and coronary heart disease. The annual cost of treatments and caregiving for Alzheimers disease account to 100 billion U.S. dollars. These costs include direct costs like medical care costs, intangible costs which involve the pain and endurance which those related directly to patients undergo and indirect costs. The latter involves the costs endured of the resources lost during illness. These may include reduced productivity to excessive caregiving by nurses, unpaid caregiving services, and the premature deaths of patients. Alzheimers disease has been speculated to cause Americans a lot of money within the next few decades as cases of Alzheimers disease continue to increase every year. Caring for patients with Alzheimers disease is estimated to costs Medicare, other private insurance in the U.S., Medicaid, and even other individuals over 20 trillion U.S. dollars in the next few decades. Factors that increase the cost of Alzheimers disease include the severity of Alzheimers disease and other dementias which increases over time, comorbidities. Reports show that a single patient may experience more than one comorbid condition. The cost of treatment for each comorbidity is about 10,400 U.S. dollars. For instance, the settings of giving care during the early stages of the disease are presented as the indirect costs and are usually higher than direct costs because patients are taken care of by informal caregivers. Putting the patients in institutions when the symptoms begin to become severe usually reverses the indirect costs and reduces them, causing a rise in direct expenses to therefore an increase in the total cost up to 3 times. Research proves that a reduced delay in diagnosis and accurate testing is believed to reduce the total cost of the disease. Prevalence of Alzheimers disease increases with a growth in age groups, which in turn increase the total cost of caring. In analyzing the economic impact and the effects of treatment of Alzheimers disease, various facts have to be laid down. For instance, if a treatment delays, it does not necessarily influence the survival rate of the patient but the overal l cost of treatment. If there is the desire to reduce the cost of medications to a certain range, one of the areas to look at is the sector of informal caregiving. If, however, the treatment process is prolonged with the purpose to enhance survival, there is a possibility that there will be a rise in the overall cost of treatment. Some economic analysis which has the potential to influence the cost of treatment may be used, such as RCT and pre-post designs. However, these analyses are expensive to carry out and not of significant impact since they are too short term. Pharmacological treatments have great potential to increase the total cost of Alzheimers disease despite the roles they play in reducing the symptoms of the progressing disease. These treatments are very costly, causing an enormous strain on those who relate directly to the patients. Another significant impact is on the fact that Alzheimers disease is a fatal disease, and this is because there has not been a real cure despite the outstanding efforts made by health care systems and advanced research. Alzheimers disease is also a disease that progresses with time, and the only available treatment is meant to slow the symptoms. Hence, once the disease develops in an individual, the final result will be eventual death. This has caused a prolonged strain for the relatives of the patients and the nurses taking care of them. Various reports show that caregivers suffer from psychiatric symptoms such as depression. The knowledge that the patient will eventually die and offering too many hours of care brings stress and depression. Relatives use a lot of resources, cutting off budgets and all of a sudden shifting attention to the expensive treatment associated with Alzheimers disease that is incapable of curing the patient. This fatal aspect of Alzheimers disease has caused a significant deprivation of the economic state of the United States. This mainly occurs because once the disease develops in a patient, the patient is incapable of taking up responsibilities and activities which revolve around cognitive behavior, memory, and interacting with other members of the society (Ch? ©telat 2018). They are forced to quit working since they become helpless. This does more harm than good to the economy. Instead of the patients generating revenue, they spend most of the countrys resources on treatment and caregiving. This treatment is very costly. This, in turn, leads to the state shifting its resources on the health sector, ignoring other areas that generate more funds. Despite all those financial strains, the patient eventually dies. Worse is, there are high numbers of those who die annually, decade after decade. This reduces the number of citizens by an exceptional range, thus reducing income and revenue by a triple range. If steps in fighting Alzheimers disease are not laid down by mid-century, the U.S. and other nations will receive a blow due to the loss they will have faced. A notorious challenge in the U.S. is the issue of unpaid caregiving, 83% of care provided to Alzheimers disease patients in the U.S. comes from friends, relatives, and other caregivers who are not paid for care given. This unpaid caregiving has played a significant role in reducing economic growth as it ac counts up to about 232 billion U.S. dollars, and this is more than double the revenue that other sources of income provide. Caregiving is a significant process that is integral during treatment. The role of caregivers is to ensure that patients maintain their hygiene to prevent further infections that may be risk factors to a progression of the disease. Most of the nurses are often unable to provide the total care required for patients and have to work over time to meet the amount of attention needed, therefore, they have to work many hours, thus assistance has been reducing over the years (Montanini et al. 2016). Major approaches that may be expensive are being taken to aid the nurses in providing proper care without necessarily straining them and with the sole purpose to enhance the independence of the patients with the Alzheimers disease. Ambient Assisted Living technologies may offer the kind of assistance required. The least amount of informal care provided on a weekly basis for Alzheimers disease patients is 490 hours of work. The bulk of the cost of caregiving mainly goes to the unpaid caregivers. The majority of the caregiving is not only facing financial issues but also their health risks associated with caring for Alzheimers disease patients. These involve developing depression and advances psychological disorders these ca regivers face. These psychiatric disorders result from too many hours of caregiving and prolonged lifetime caregiving. The caregiving burden rises as the diseases symptoms become severe, as the patients health deteriorates, and the caregiver is also at high risk of being fatally ill. In the fight against Alzheimers disease, the U.S. should focus mainly on the risk factors that may interfere with the lifespan of an individual with dementia. One major step is in preventing other chronic diseases that may advance symptoms such as diabetes and preventing obesity which is a significant risk factor as it leads to adipokine dysregulation. Research done by The Journals of Gerontology shows that by reducing the risk and impact of diabetes, the lifespan of a 52- year old dementia patient may be advanced. Also, elimination of high blood pressure for the middle-aged and the elderly increases the expected lifespan of patients living with Alzheimers disease and other dementias by a period of two to three years (Zissimopoulos at al. 2018). In conclusion, Alzheimers disease is one of the most prevalent and devastating diseases in the U.S. that has drained the resources and the econnomy by continually increasing the cost of careviging and general treatment, especially among the aging groups. There must be an outlined plan that must be set to reduce the widespread impact of Alzheimers disease in the U.S. The problems concerning the patient suffering from Alzheimers disease should be more open in their healthcare department and reasearch minds, so they can work together by making enough efforts in coming with a cure for the Alzhe imers disease. The main focus during pharmacological treatment has been on prolonging the lifespan of the patient. To achieve better results, the focus should shift with immediate effect on solely determining etiological risk factors and doing away with them, and in turn, ultimately controling the development of the fatal disease. Focusing on prolonging the life of the patient does not give the long-term solution because, at the end of the day, there is the loss of life due to Alzheimers disease. There should be disease-prevention therapy. This kind of treatment is not only estimated to salvage millions of peoples lives but would also save billions of U.S. dollars in treatment and care provided. One of the other steps is to establish federal programs for families and health systems to improve the prevention of Alzheimers disease, diagnosis, caregiving, pharmacological treatment, and institutional and informal care. This will enable the nation to determine whether it is meeting the direct challenges caused by the disease for families affected, the caregivers, and the economy in general. This process, however, requires various resources to be channeled to the health sector for the plan to be fully implemented. Such resources include advanced research by scientists, funds for research, and the general participati on by the government in coming up with a permanent solution for the countys primary challenge. Another important step that the nation can undertake is to promote the work done by organizations such as the Alzheimers Association, whose major role is to fight the disease. Promoting this organization may involve funding by the government since it is a non-profit organization. This will enable the citizens to generally appreciate the work done and to promote awareness through sharing information, supporting the organization during campaigns, and participating in setting aside some amount to donate them. The medical experts also have a great role to play in the early and accurate diagnosis of the disease to understand the real cause and establish the required treatment in time. This will go a long way to prevent mortality up to a very high percentage.

Accounting Information Systems Essay - 921 Words

Accounting Information Systems Laquasia Fields XACC/210 May 26, 2013 Cito Vanegas Every Company or Business has different Information Systems that the use to run the Company. There are various types of information systems employed by payroll, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and accounting? Types of Information systems that are employed by payroll, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are Paychex, UltiPro Payroll Software, ADP Payroll services, Intuitive Payroll Systems, and QuickBooks Payroll. Various types of Accounting Software is Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, Intuit Quicken, Sage 50, and QuickBooks. Paychex Inc. is a payroll and human resource service company which serves approximately 572,000†¦show more content†¦Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer. The company is owned by Riordan Industries, which is a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. The products that they produce is plastic beverage containers. The containers are produced in Albany, Georgia, the custom plastic parts produced at its plant in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts produced at its facilities in Hangzhou, China. They employ 550 persons with projected yearly earnings of $46 million. Riordan Manufacturing’s mission is to focus its industry leaders in using polymer materials to provide solutions to our customer’s challenges. Riordan is a privately held company. The Chief Operating Officer (COO) is Hugh McCauley and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is Dale Edgel. Individuals in a business usually do not work alone all the time, but instead i n teams, committees, departments, and other types of workgroups. Riordan Manufacturing is one of them. The hardware that Riordan Manufacturing used within the organization to support information systems is Management information systems, internal control system, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System. The hardware this used is very sufficient. Todays ERP systems can cover a wide range of functions and integrate these functions into one unified database. ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into a single system. Other hardware that is used toShow MoreRelatedAccounting Information System1811 Words   |  8 PagesDiscussion I. I. Accounting information system is a combination of collecting, recording, storing, and processing data of a business. The advancement of technology initiates business firms to seek for new innovations that would greatly help in business functions. As what Dillon and Kruck (2004) had explained, â€Å"at the start of the 21st century, business organizations are facing an explosion of global competition and innovation and facilitating this explosion is the increasing ability of organizationsRead MoreQuestions On Accounting Information Systems2346 Words   |  10 PagesACC539-201560 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS – ASSIGNMENT 1 The abovementioned has been arranged in two parts on the same document, first Question 1 then Question 2 follows below that: QUESTION 1: Question 1: explanation of how implementation of cloud accounting information system in an organisation relates to corporate straegy and value chain. Risks and benefits are explored. Introduction We seek to investigate how the implementation of a cloud accounting information system relates to anRead MoreAccounting Information System3639 Words   |  15 PagesExecutive Summary Accounting information system is an extremely important role in the enterprise management. 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According to Emma Watkins (Demand Media 2014, para 1), â€Å"cloud accounting is the use of computer hardware and software applicationsRead MoreThe Adoption Of Cloud Based Accounting Information System2021 Words   |  9 Pagesreport is to critically analyze the adoption of cloud based accounting information system (AIS) in busin ess organizations and also its challenges and benefits of cloud based environment. Cloud accounting (SAASU 20124, para 3) is also called ‘online accounting’, which provides the same service as accounting software and data is securely stored on servers as known as the cloud. 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Emphysema Essay - 1255 Words

Emphysema Introduction: Emphysema is a condition of the lungs that involves the over-inflation of the air sacs, otherwise known as the alveoli. Normal functioning of the alveoli helps breathing in normal respiration. Unlike other lung diseases this one can be inherited. This is a disease that can affect people of all ages and genders. In 1994, the number of males with emphysema outnumbered the females by fifty four percent. However, in the two years that followed the difference between males and females decreased by ten percent. Classification: Emphysema is a lung disease that is classified as a COPD. (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Natural History (Symptoms): A person may notice various signs that will lead them†¦show more content†¦Swelling and increased fluid in the lungs may also be a sign to look for. A steady tracking of the symptoms and health history of the person should be taken into consideration as well. Prevalence and/or Incidence: Emphysema is a fairly common disease, with two out of one thousand people reporting cases. Currently, there are 1.8 million Americans in the United States that have emphysema. Emphysema is ranked 15th among chronic conditions or diseases which limit people’s daily activity. A study by the American Lung Association shows that 44 percent of people with emphysema have reported that their daily activities have been greatly limited due to the disease. Ethnical Distribution: Emphysema can be contracted by people of all walks of life and does not favor any particular ethnic groups. The contraction of emphysema mainly depends on life style. Geographical Distribution: Emphysema is a disease that in not only caused by the way you live, but can be contracted through the area in which a person lives. For example, people who live in urban areas are at higher risk. This is due to the fact that these areas are more highly populated with factories and cluttered with automobiles. These factories produce a great deal of smoke which can be very harmful to the lungs of the people who inhale it. The automobile exhaust has the same affect on the lungs if inhaled forShow MoreRelatedEmphysema Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesEmphysema Emphysema is a condition in which there is over-inflation of structures in the lungs known as alveoli or air sacs. This over-inflation results from a breakdown of the walls of the alveoli, which causes a decrease in respiratory function (the way the lungs work) and often, breathlessness. Early symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath and cough. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis together comprise chronic obstructive Read MoreA Discussion of Emphysema and COPD1266 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a sign of a potential health problem like emphysema, asthma, or tuberculosis. People smoke for different reasons; nevertheless, it is an addiction that they can recover from. It may take them several tries to quit smoking, but they can quit. People don’t think about the harm that they are putting on their lungs and alveoli when they put a cigarette to their mouth. For example, many long time smokers are diagnose with emphysema every minute. Emphysema is an example of a chronic obstructive pulmonaryRead MoreEmphysema: Chronic Pulmorary Disease745 Words   |  3 PagesEmphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The name emphysema comes from greek. There are about 20 million victims that suffer from this disease every year. This sickness is mostly caused by smoking. A cigarette has more than 4,800 chemicals inside i t. There is about 70% of adults that start to smoke at the age of 18. (lung.org) Statistics say that cigarettes are the highest reasons that emphysema is the cause (health central). Strong chemicals that people smoke like tobaccoRead MoreA Short Note On Emphysema, The Irreversible Enlargement Of The Acini1286 Words   |  6 Pages Emphysema Megan Kehn Delta College April 15, 2015 Pathophysiology Emphysema is the irreversible enlargement of the acini that includes the destruction of the walls of the alveoli without apparent fibrosis (Huether McCance, 2012). The alveolar septa is destroyed which then amplifies the amount of air in the acinus. Inhalation of pulmonary irritants such as cigarette smoke and certain environmental pollutants is thought to lead to the hindering of the endogenous antiproteases and stimulateRead MoreA Short Note On Emphysema And Pneumomediastinum : The Presence Of Air Or Other Gases Within The Confines Of Mediastinal Structures2320 Words   |  10 PagesMediastinal emphysema or pneumomediastinum is the presence of air or other gases within the confines of mediastinal structures. First described by Laennec in 1819 [1], the main causes of pneumomediastinum are trauma, tracheobronchial or oesophageal-bronchial fistulas, invasive procedures (cervical, thoracic, or abdominal), positive-pressure ventilation, coughing, vomiting, Valsalva manoeuvre, physic al exertion, and inhaled drug use, among others [2]. It rarely occurs in the absence of pulmonaryRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1509 Words   |  7 Pages When a person had Alpha-1 Antirypsm deficiency, it causes a problem with making a specific protein. This proteins help prevent the disease. Without out the protein the disease is common. Their are two major types of COPD, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In emphysema the walls between the air sacs are destroyed. In turn the sacs loose their shape. Their become fewer larger air sac instead of of numerous smaller one. This causes problems with the body getting enough oxygen (COPD). WithoutRead MoreEssay On Emphysema1402 Words   |  6 Pageslower mitochondria amount (Fig. 10B) in emphysema in comparison with controls. We also wanted to analyze changes in mitochondrial amount in A549 cells treated with H2O2 for 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h and 2h. We used Tom20 as a marker of mitochondria and live cell confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM 510). We found time-dependent decreased mitochondrial amount after 2h treatment (Fig. 11). Summary of Preliminary Results †¢ We found high levels of DJ-1-Cys-106-SO3- in emphysema. †¢ DJ-1-Cys-106-SO3- interacts with DNARead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1535 Words   |  7 Pagespulmonary disease, or COPD, which is an overall heading used to cover several conditions, all of which are characterized by blockage of air from the lungs, resulting in increasing breathlessness. The two main diseases that fall into this category are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. According to the American Lung Association, COPD affects the lives of more than 12 million adults in the United States. There is a large difference in the way an unaffected, healthy lung and a COPD stricken lung operates.Read MoreThe Human Respiratory System and Smoking Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesEmphysema The human respiratory system includes the lungs, pathways connecting them to the outside environment and structures in the chest that help the movement of air in and out of the lungs. When the movement of air in and out of the lungs is limited, people experience a difficulty in breathing. Emphysema is a type of chronic lung-disease. It results when the air sacs walls are heavily damaged causing loss of elasticity. The main cause of emphysema is smoking and the treatments can’t reverseRead MoreCopd929 Words   |  4 Pagesadult population, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. 4 With COPD, a person will usually have two main medical conditions that limit airflow. These conditions are known as emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Emphysema causes the elasticity of the lung tissue to be lost. The alveolar walls between air sacs in the lung are damaged, and this causes them to lose their shape and become flimsy. Over time, this damage destroys the walls,

Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade free essay sample

The struggle to end the transatlantic slave trade and slavery was achieved by African resistance and economic factors as well as through humanitarian campaigns. The most prominent abolitionists, notably Thomas Clarion and William Wildflower, were great publicists. Wildflower (1759-1833) led the British parliamentary campaign to abolish the slave trade and slavery. Opinion in Europe was also changing. Moral, religious and humanitarian arguments found more and more support. A vigorous campaign to achieve abolition began in Britain in 1 783 and also developed in North America and the Caribbean, often led by the Black churches.In Britain, Thomas Clarion (1760-1846) was another prominent campaigner who was principally responsible for collecting evidence against the trade. Clarion was a founder member of the society for effecting the abolition of the slave trade in 1787. In Liverpool, William Rose was one of the best known abolitionists. He wrote poetry and pamphlets in favor of abolition. Opinion in Liverpool was generally pro-slavery and like other abolitionists, Rose tended to work behind the scenes rather than openly declaring his views. We will write a custom essay sample on Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An active counter campaign was mounted by those who profited from slavery. The West India lobby of plantation owners and their supporters in the British Parliament fought abolition. Although ultimately unsuccessful, they gained 20 million pounds compensation for plantation owners for the loss of their slaves. Ex-slaves were not compensated. Despite the abolition of slave trading by Britain and other countries from 1807 onwards, illegal trading continued for a further 60 years. About a quarter of all Africans who were enslaved between 1 500 and 1 870 were transported across the Atlantic in the years after 1807. Much of this illegal trade was to the sugar plantations of Cuba and Brazil.From 1815 to 1865, the British Royal Navy undertook antislavery patrols off the West African coast, seizing hundreds of vessels. Britain was forced to pay compensation for seized ships and to encourage countries such as Spain and Portugal to abolish slaving. Although humanitarian considerations were important, economic interests were also at stake. Cuba and Brazil were competitors to British West Indian sugar production. Merchants developing the palm oil trade with West Africa, who were largely based in Liverpool, also feared illegal slaving would damage their interests.

Business Model for Activity System-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Model for Activity System. Answer: Introduction This essay will be discussing the understanding pertaining to the concept of business model along with the ways in which theoretical understanding pertaining to the business models can be utilised for the explanation of innovation process, value appropriation and value creations in organisations in real life. The academic literature with respect to the business model will be explored for the investigation of three major concepts of business models e-business model archetypes, business models as activity systems and business model as a cost / revenue architecture. The investigation of such concepts will be performed both individually and also with regards to one another under the umbrella theme which is associated with the business models. Concept of Business Model A business model is the articulation of logic. Data along with other evidence is provided by it which depict the ways in which the business leads to the creation as well as delivery of value to its customers. An outline regarding the architecture of costs, revenues and profits linked to the enterprise carrying out business provides that value is provided by the business model. The issues which are associated with a good business model design share an interrelationship with each other and lie at the core of building a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, a business model is a description of the manner in which value is created and delivered to the customers by the enterprise and how payments that are received are converted to profits. If the business pioneers wish to derive profits from innovation, it is essential that they excel in business model design and product innovation and also understand options related to business design, technological trajectories and customer needs. It provides definition of the business logic that is needed for earning profits and after adoption it describes the manner in which the firm goes to market. For assuring competitive advantage, the business model should be efficient and effective (Teece, 2010). Even though business models are an integral part of trading and also of economic behaviour, the concept of business model gained prevalence with internet advent in the mid-1990s and has picked up ever since (Teece, 2010). Certain authors are also of the view that the emergence of this concept and its use extensively might have been driven by internets extent (Amit Zott, 2001). The other driving factors might be rapid growth in the markets that are emerging, interest in issues pertaining to bottom of pyramid and expanding industries as well as organisations that depend on post industrial technologies (Thompson MacMillan, 2010) (Perkmann Spicer, 2010). Discussion of the various notions E-business Archetype e-business refers to doing business electronically. It consists of e-markets, e-commerce and business that are internet based and the reference is to the organisations conducting commercial transactions with their buyers as well as their business partners via the internet (Mahadevan, 2000). Advances that have taken place recently in information technologies and communication like the emergence and also the rapid expansion that has taken place of the internet along with the swift derease in the costs of communication and commuting have led to new ways of creation and delivery of value that have resulted in opportunities for creating exchange mechanisms as well as transaction architectures of unconventional type (Amit Zott, 2001). Along with it have come the possibilities for designing organisational plans that are new and span boundaries (Dunbar Starbuck, 2006). Such developments have resulted in the opening of new horizons which facilitate designing of business models so that organ isations are enabled to change in a fundamental way regarding the manner in which they not only organise but also engage in exchanges of economic nature within as well as across the boundaries of both the enterprise and industry (Mendelson, 2000). This also comprises the manner in which the interaction occurs between the customers and the suppliers (Brynjolfsson Hitt, 2004). The principal driver for increasing attention to business models and consequently the emergence of theory related to the topics (Ghaziani Ventresca, 2005) (Yip, 2004). Research on models of e-business may be organised into two complementary streams firstly the generic e-business models providing typologies and secondly e-business model components. Business Model as a Activity System Increasing attention has been received from business strategists and schools who have shown interest in providing explanation of the firms competitive advantage, performance and value creation. Business model concept has been employed for explaining value creation in case of networked markets (Zott Amit, 2008). The focus is on the activities of the firm with their network of partners. However, it has been acknowledged by the scholars that the business models are not executed by the firm in competitive vacuum and business models are used as a means for competition between firms (Casadesus-Masanell Ricart, 2010). Hence, a potential source pertaining to competitive advantage is the business model (Markides Charitou, 2004). The newer and effective models provide novelty that lead to value creation that is superior (Morris, Schindehutte, Allen, 2005). A central role can also be played by the business model to explain the firms performance. Business model is considered as a unifying construct for providing explanation of firm performance and its competitive advantage. It is described as a method by which the resources of the firm are built and used for offering better value to the customers and making money while doing this (Afuah, 2004). Business models are also considered as extensions of central ideas in cases of business strategies. It might provide the firm a competitive advantage which is different from its market position. Enterprises addressing similar customer needs and pursuing similar strategies of product market can have varying business models (Zott Amit, 2008). The strategy traditionally emphasises on competitive advantage, value capture and competition while the emphasis of business model concept is on joint value creation, partnership and cooperation (Mkinen Seppnen, 2007). Business model also strongly revolves around the criteria of value creation which is customer focused (Mansfield Fourie, 2004). As per this perspective, the pattern related to the economic exchanges of the firm with external parties is encompassed in the business model ((Zott Amit, 2008). The critical details regarding the value proposition of the firm for its different stakeholders and also the firms activity system are used for creation of value and its delivery to the customers (Seddon, Lewis, Freeman, Shanks, 2004). Cost-Revenue Architecture As per this perspective that is more functionalist, business model complements technology which is viewed as business models enabler and not a component of the concept. The competition and resources are not taken as components of the concept of business model. Its main logic is around the revenues and costs of the firm, the value proposition it provides to its customers along with the value capturing mechanisms. Hence, it is a means for innovation. Utilisation of Business Model Conceptualisations in Analysing and Solving Problems The business model conceptualisations have been utilised by strategy scholars with reference to the firms logic, its ways of operating and the way in which it creates values for the stakeholders. This notion on the surface appears the same as that of the notion of strategy. However, they are different and the business model reflects the realised strategy of the firm. It helps the firm in e-business, value creation, performance, sustaining competitive advantage and as a means of innovation by providing the customers with value proposition. The business models differ from strategy in cases of crucial contingencies on which a strategy that is well designed might be based. Business Context and Change in the Business is Inevitable In the business environment of today, there is nothing which remains still. There has been a constant increase in the rates of change faced by business organisations in previous five decades. Business environments have become highly volatile. These are mainly a resultant of information and communication technology, increase in the liberalisation as well as democratisation of the economies throughout the world. Hence, change has become inevitable and is a routine feature in a business. Therefore, the management needs to give it necessary attention for getting business performance that increases continuously (Thomas, 2014). An example of an organisation that had to change its business model is Google. Initially the company did not have a business model. It was unprofitable organisation in the beginning and was fumbling for stable revenue. After it made some profitable forays by sale of search appliances to businesses and also its own technology related to search to other search engines, a radical change of course took place for Google. AdWords program was launched by the company in 2003 through which businesses could advertise to people who were searching for certain items on Google.com. Overnight this turned out to be a success and Google became a search tool which proved to be very popular for the advertising juggernaut. $21 billion profit was reported by the company to be generated in 2008 through advertising driven revenue. AdWords still makes up a lions share of the total revenue as well as profits of Google. Conclusion Increase in understanding in relation to business models and the place that they hold in the corpus of the organisational as well as social sciences provide assistance in the understanding we form of various subjects like competitive advantage, strategy, innovation, competition and market behaviour. It also improves our understanding with regards to the firms as well as the roles that the business models play in changing business contexts. Bibliography Afuah, A. (2004). Business models: A strategic management approach. . New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Amit, R., Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal , 22, 493-520. Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L. (2004). Intangible assets and the economic impact of computers. . In W. Dutton, B. Kahin, OCallaghan., A. Wyckoff, Transforming enterprise (pp. 27-48). Boston: MIT Press. Casadesus-Masanell, R., Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and to tactics Planning. Long Range , 195-215. Dunbar, R. L., Starbuck, W. H. (2006). Learning to design organizations and learning from designing them. Organization Science , 171-178. Ghaziani, A., Ventresca, M. J. (2005). Keywords and cultural change: Frame analysis of business model public talk 1975-2000. . Sociological Forum , 523-559. Mahadevan, B. (2000). Business models for Internet-based e-commerce: An anatomy. . California Management Review , 55-69. Mkinen, S., Seppnen, M. (2007). Assessing business model concepts with taxonomical research criteria: A preliminary study. Management Research News , 735-746. Mansfield, G. M., Fourie, L. C. (2004). Strategy and business modelsstrange bedfellows? A case for conver gence and its evolution into strategic architecture. . South African Journal of Business Management , 35-44. Markides, C., Charitou, C. D. (2004). Competing with dual business models: A contingency approach. . Academy of Management Executive , 22-36. Mendelson, H. (2000). Organizational architecture and success in the information technology industry. . Management Science , 513-529. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneurs business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research , 726-35. Perkmann, M., Spicer, A. (2010). What are business models? Developing a theory of performative representation. In M. Lounsbury (Ed.), Technology and organization: Essays in honour of Joan Woodward (Research in the Sociology of Organizations) (pp. 265-275). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group. Seddon, P. B., Lewis, G. P., Freeman, P., Shanks, G. 2. (2004). The case for viewing business models as abstractions of strategy. Communications of the Association for Information Systems , 427-442. Teece, D. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning , 43, 172-194. Thomas, O. (2014). Change Management and its Effects on Organizational Performance of Nigerian Telecoms Industries: Empirical Insight from Airtel Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education , 1 (11), 170-179. Thompson, J. D., MacMillan, I. C. (2010). Business models: Creating new markets and societal wealth. Long Range Planning , 291-307, 43. Yip, G. (2004). Using strategy to change your business model. . Business Strategy Review , 17-24. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. . Strategic Management Journal , 1-26.