Business and Society IKEA

Question: Expound on theBusiness and Societyfor IKEA. Answer: Presentation IKEA is a worldwide organization who manages planned and prepared to sell gather furniture, apparatuses for kitchen use and other home frill. Situated in the Netherlands, the organization additionally works their business in excess of 48 nations. Making shared worth alludes to a business idea that was first presented in Harvard Business Review article. Sharing worth alludes to an age of monetary worth remembering the recipient of the general public with the location into the difficulties. Common worth methodology tries to interface the organization with social advancement (Crane et al. 2014). The organization can make their chances for sharing qualities in three unique manners, which are: Reconceiving markets and items Any organization drop the current markets for meeting the social needs and access new ones by utilizing development methodologies. Reclassifying profitability in the worth chain-organizations can search for ad lib of the quality cost amount and dependability of the items for inputs and dispersing them alongside going about as a fundamental and characteristic asset that drives financial and social turn of events. Empowering nearby bunch advancement this is the technique that Idea needs to follow here for this situation. Organizations need to finish and strike through the market. Teaming up with neighborhood providers getting to abilities and shaping unsurprising and powerful lawful framework alongside foundations like broadcast communications and streets are the need components for this (Kramer and Porter, 2011). Making Shared Value There are various ways to deal with corporate social obligation of business can be set against to the general public by accentuating on the expense and impediments remotely forced on them. Social gauges and consistence are likewise a piece of it. Making shared worth underlines on recognizing exchange offs inside benefit of present moment and natural or social objectives. Be that as it may, it concentrates more on the upper hand of chances by making a social offer inside the corporate methodology (Kvistgaard, 2013). Partners are viewed as the individuals who appreciate generally equivalent advantage as the business. Partners are investors, representatives, government, contenders, providers and clients. The two most significant partners of IKEA are viewed as follows: Clients Customers are a definitive clients of the item that is created by Idea. The clients have allowed the chance to the organization to become and perceived as IKEA. Clients are viewed as the most significant partners of the organization. Each and every other partner of the organization is identified with the clients in light of the fact that the benefit that is claimed by the organization is from their clients. In this manner it is important to take a gander at the client intrigue and the organization must concentrate completely on satisfying the interest and prerequisites of the client for supporting on the planet. Providers: Suppliers other key partners of the organization. Providers are the auxiliary business associations which are working their capacities teaming up with the fundamental organization and taking up dangers to create benefit for both the association. Providing the crude materials for the assembling of furniture create a definitive items that are requested by the market (Michelini and Fiorentino, 2012). In this way, IKEA, so as to continue in the market, needs to make the equalization of interest and gracefully by putting more accentuation on making their offer an incentive with their clients and providers. With the expansion in benefit, different partners will undoubtedly be profited. Reference Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L.J. what's more, Matten, D., 2014. Challenging the estimation of making shared value.California the board review,56(2), pp.130-153. Kramer, M.R. what's more, Porter, M.E., 2011. Making shared value.Harvard business review,89(1/2), pp.62-77. Kvistgaard, L.T., 2013. Making Shared Value. Michelini, L. what's more, Fiorentino, D., 2012. New plans of action for making shared value.Social Responsibility Journal,8(4), pp.561-577.

Daimlerchrysler Merger the Quest to Create “One Company” Essay Example for Free

Daimlerchrysler Merger the Quest to Create â€Å"One Company† Essay So as to comprehend and be basic on Daimler’s decision of accomplice, aside from the intentions introduced for the situation, one additionally needs to consider the undertaking condition patterns during the time. 90’s was a flood of mergers and acquisitions described by Cross-fringe adventures (Lipton M. , 2006). As indicated by Lipton it was a time where size made a difference and mergers were viewed as the single direction to internationalization and market development. Moreover, nine of the ten biggest arrangements in history all occurred in the three-year time frame 1998-2000. Having built up that, one can comprehend that Daimler was feeling the squeeze to go huge. In such a domain, an European organization would think about an integrative extension to the tremendous US showcase as the best methodology (Japanese market excessively social extraordinary). In this way, from the decisions of either establishing another auxiliary (high hazard) or looking for a JV, or an obtaining or a merger Daimler went for the merger. It was a push to meet the natural pattern by expanding piece of the overall industry and to have a major effect to the bigger contenders. Contrasting the three extraordinary American vehicle organizations, GM was excessively huge (in 1997 GM had $178b incomes contrasted with Daimler’s $71b) and hard to control, Ford had financial specialist issues (Ford family), yet Chrysler, a comparable size organization, would appear the best accomplice. Chrysler was likewise perfect accomplice for Daimler since it had a decent information on the neighborhood advertise, which brings down the endeavor chance (Bartlett Beamish, 2011), and it would offer RD cooperative energies and widen the offered item extend (Glavin W. F. , 2004). Considering every one of those variables I accept that Chrysler was the best decision of an accomplice. In any case, during those beginning times of culturally diverse mergers and acquisitions there was little understanding on making the endeavor work. In the reference section, I raise the principle rubbing focuses and break down how they ought to have been treated by the writing. From this examination we can see that the organizations where diverse in all respects. Indeed, seeing the scope of day by day exercises and structure it is clear that the two organizations worked in totally different. Subsequently, it was genuinely a â€Å"marriage of opposites†. Yet this is certainly not a solid contention for combination endeavors disappointment. As indicated by Bartlett Beamish determination and ability to advance and adjust are the way to achievement in all coordinated efforts. By glancing through the grinding focuses and what the writing proposes I attempted to point who the individual accountable for each procedure ought to in certainty be. The organization in Bold in addendum is the organization that should lead the endeavors in that procedure after the merger; because of its aptitude which at that point would profit the entirety. It is apparent that either Chrysler or the two organizations ought to deal with the new organization. Actually Chrysler attempted to go this through to Daimler however just the administration neglected to infiltrate the solid preservationist culture of Daimler in the first place and afterward it did not have the persistency. At that point, Daimler exploited that shortcoming and it saw this merger not as a marriage of equivalents yet as a takeover. So the best issue of the incorporation procedure was the mix of Chrysler’s powerlessness to state its procedures and afterward Daimler’s inability to advance, adjust and regard its partner. Question 2 In request to offer guidance I consider Bartlett’s Beamish’s structure on rules for an effective JV. In the first place, there was an absence of appropriate pre-merger investigation which, had it been executed appropriately, would have raised at an early stage the contact focuses. Besides, there were no regular destinations set and there was no arrangement on the strategy after the merger. The CIC and the PMI mix groups had no system and managed issues as they emerged, and hence will undoubtedly come up short. Along these lines, before setting out on a coordinated effort adventure the CEOs ought to have thought of those means. As we found, the powerlessness to adjust and the social contrasts had been the principle wellspring of issues. Trust is the principle fuel of coordinated effort and it must be created after some time, being a consequence of shared encounters (Bartlett Beamish, 2011). For our situation the two boundaries consolidated one day and they were just expected to run as expected. A union has comparable advantages with a merger (Bartlett Beamish, 2011) however addresses the center issues better for the accompanying reasons. A principle advantage of a union is that when it is framed it has a leave condition, which permits the two organizations to coordinate progressively loose, and it offers a vehicle to learning and experimentation for the essential bonds and trust to be shaped. This lays the best conditions for a half and half culture to frame. Additionally, the companies’ activities that offer the best potential to cooperative energies can be incorporated, while the extraordinary inverse ones can be left to work freely. This implies parts, for example, RD can be jointed and Branding can work autonomous. Be that as it may, a union, alone, would not work for those organizations as they needed to go huge. As I would see it, the best arrangement is structure a coalition as an approach to expand on trust and learning and afterward as a subsequent advance, if the two sides where developed, converge in like manner regard with clear targets and structure.

Wesfarmers free essay sample

Manageability detailing is a yearly report of an organization which shows non-money related data including condition, economy and society to general society and investors. Organizations progressively put more accentuation on manageability announcing at present and face the issue of how to make successful reports of maintainability. At that point so as to discover and take care of the issue of companies’ maintainability revealing, a few gauges, for example, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) are utilized to check the nature of the report for manageability. This report represents the reasons why organizations make revealing for maintainability, how to make the report to be elegantly composed lastly assesses 2011 supportability announcing of Wesfarmers, a food handling organization. 2. Purposes behind organization to make announcing for maintainability 3. 1 Improvement of companies’ non-money related execution and the feeling of social duty The reports of maintainability can ask organizations to put forth attempt to be reasonable. It implies that organizations will improve the non-budgetary execution and the feeling of social obligation by maintainable revealing. We will compose a custom article test on Wesfarmers or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the wake of breaking down the information, the organizations which make supportability detailing improve their positioning of social obligation by 8% more than the organizations which absence of maintainability revealing (Blanding 2011, p. 5). 3. 2 Benefits to condition, economy and society Sustainability announcing features what an organization does to keep condition, economy and society balance. Thus including non-money related data in a company’s yearly report ensures the organization to do right thing to profit all the three perspectives. For instance, as a result of maintainability revealing, organization will contemplate environmental change as opposed to considering the benefits just (Steidl 2010, p. 39). In extra, a compelling manageability announcing can help organizations to accomplish high notoriety in the general public and afterward make more shareholders’ riches (Borkowski et al 2010, p. 32). 3. Key highlights of Sustainability Report 4. 3 Report Content 3. 11 Materiality In food preparing industry, the data in maintainability announcing should be picked which is pertinent to supportability and stakeholders’ choice in various perspective. It is implies that the substance of maintainability announcing necessities to incorporate the impact of companies’ exercises to condition, economy just as society. Because of the prerequisite of the GRI rules (GRI, 2006, p. 1), organizations can check if their maintainability report content outlines the effect on condition, society and economy or partners (Flynn 2009, p. 15). Additionally, the data should be ensured that is valuable, significant and tantamount for assessing vital hierarchical execution (Hubbard 2011, p. 4). 3. 12 Completeness Culmination of maintainability detailing is to ensure the data in the report is finished, covering all the parts of company’s supportability. It incorporates not just the significant data of the supportable effects, yet in addition the data that can make partners to assess the presentation of the revealing association. In any case, there are numerous organizations just spotlight on the ecological issue at present, which makes the maintainability detailing deficient (Gray amp; Milne 2002, p. 67). 4. 4 Report Quality 3. 21 Balance Equalization is one of the most significant key components to make a viable supportability revealing. Keeping the report balance is to uncover both uplifting news and awful updates on companies’ maintainability with the goal that crowd and partners can have right and reasonable assessment about companies’ feasible execution. Parker (2010, p35) calls attention to that a short adjusted supportability report is better than a long report which shares the positive perspectives as it were. In addition, if a maintainability announcing just has uplifting news to demonstrate, it is an untrustworthy report which doesn't recount to the entire story (Parker 2010, p. 4). 3. 22 Timeliness If a maintainability announcing is normally planned, the data will partake in time with the goal that partners can settle on all around educated choice. An unmistakable practicality can assist organizations with working out a top notch report of manageability. On the off chance that an organization pays attention to maintainability revealing, it will profit manageability into the everyday work (Parker 2010, p. 36). 4. Assessment of 2011 Sustainability Reporting of Wesfarmers 4. 1 Report Content 4. 11 Materiality The maintainability report of Wesfarmers satisfies the need of materiality which implies that the report alludes to condition, society, and economy. The data in the report is practically significant and meets the prerequisite. Wesfarmers gives the helpful date and data in the report. The substance of manageability report remembers materials and water for condition, commitment to network in the public eye and market nearness in economy (Wesfarmers 2011, p7). For instance, Wesfarmers puts forth attempts on sparing water so that during 2011 it expands 7. % of misuse of water contrasted with 2010 (Wesfarmers 2011, p. 16). 4. 12 Completeness Wesfarmers’s maintainability report has no issue about fulfillment. It outlines the companies’ exertion and result on all the three angle and too delineates the partners companies’ execution. There are a few tables about retail, modern, different business and Wesfarmers bunch that give the information to partners and crowds to dem onstrate Wesfarmers’ improvement of maintainability in all the angles during the 2011 (Wesfarmers 2011, p. 4-7). Furthermore, contrasting with other companies’ maintainability reports which just spotlight on ecological effect, Wesfarmers additionally centers around the effect on society, for example, their social notoriety (Wesfarmers, 2011, p51). For example, there is $77. 57 million, which is an expansion of 69% contrasted with a year ago, that Wesfarmers contributed in network support including both immediate and roundabout exercises (Wesfarmers 2011, p. 18). 4. 2 Report Quality 4. 21 Balance This maintainability report is a long report and has both positive and negative viewpoints. Wesfarmers exhibits the uplifting news to individuals, yet in addition the issues it has. Wesfarmers records which objectives it accomplishes and which objectives it has not met (Wesfarmers 2011, p. 35). In 2011, Wesfarmers has not accomplished the objective that All Injury Frequency Rate (AIFR) should be diminished by 15% while AIFR just has been decreased by 1. 36% (Wesfarmers 2011, p. 35). 4. 22 Timeliness is an inadequacy of Wesfarmers’ supportability report. It can't be seen an ordinary timetable that Wesfarmers remembers for their maintainability report. There are just a few month to month reports, for example, the report about defilement got in July 2011, however the supportability report needs clear practicality (Wesfarmers, 2011, p31). 5. End First, the report explains the need of organization to deliver maintainability announcing. Second, the huge components of a top notch supportability report are clarified. At long last, the report evaluates the Wesfarmers’ manageability report by utilizing those elements. An elegantly composed report of maintainability which is applicable, finished, adjusted and booked, benefits condition, society and economy, yet in addition organizations and partners. The 2011 manageability report of Wesfarmers is an elevated requirement report regardless of the issue about practicality. Its substance is so important and complete with the goal that crowd and partners can know the company’s in general maintainable execution and its equalization mirrors the genuine circumstance about organization to individuals.

Zara Case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Zara Case report - Essay Example Porter’s Five Force examination underlines that market patterns of attire and style industry are similar to certain different businesses and going to be all the more testing in not so distant future. The report fundamentally clarifies the gracefully chain look into as one of the most grounded purpose of Zara; in light of the fact that it’s adaptable structure engages the essential exercises to be executed easily. Essential supporting exercises like human asset the executives, acquisition, and innovative work divisions assume a key job in defining business and corporate level procedures. This contextual analysis features that Zara’s achievement depends on its ease and item separation system. It further recommends that cross breed technique could be progressively useful for the organization as it decreases the creation cost of great items. The report likewise clarifies the two tragic episodes which occurred as of late and have left a negative imprint on the notorie ty of Zara. Toward the finish of the contextual analysis, scarcely any recommendations are quickly introduced for the further development or extension of the organization. The reports likewise explains barely any strategies for example step by step instructions to actualize the internationalization procedure of Zara. With regards to Zara’s worldwide development, scarcely any means of corporate level methodology are talked about. By receiving these strategies, Zara can make augment its expedient development regarding various districts. Chapter by chapter list Contents Page No EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 02 1. Presentation 05 Question †1: MACRO LEVEL ANALYSIS 06 2.1 PESTEL Analysis 06 2.1.1 Political Factors 06 2.1.2 Economic Factors 06 2.1.3 Social Factors 07 2.1.4 Technological Factors 08 2.1.5 Environmental Factors 08 2.1.6 Legal Factors 08 2.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 08 2.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate 09 2.2.2 Bargaining Power of Consumers: Moderate 09 2.2.3 Competition among Existing Rivals: High 09 2.2.4 Threat of New Entrants: Low 10 2.2.5 Threat of Substitutes: Low 10 Question †2: ZARA VALUE CHAIN 11 3.1 Primary Activities 11 3.1.1 Design 11 3.1.2 Production 12 3.1.3 Logistics 12 3.1.4 Marketing 12 3.1.5 Store Operations 12 3.2 Supporting Activities 12 3.2.1 Company foundation 12 3.2.2 Human Resource Management 13 3.2.3 Technology/Research and Development 13 3.2.4 Procurement 14 3.2.5 Cost Factor 14 Question †3: ANALYSIS OF PR CRISIS 15 4.1 Sweatshops 15 4.2 Shop-staff Abused 16 Question †4: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 17 5.1 Zara Business Strategies 17 5.1.1 Low Cost Strategy 17 5.1.2 Product Differentiation Strategy 18 5.2 Zara Corporate Strategy 18 5.2.1 Market Growth 18 5.2.2 Diversification 19 5.2.3 Vertical Integration 19 5.2.4 Product and Market Development 19 5.3 Recommendations for Future Strategies 20 5.3.1 Hybrid Strategy 20 5.3.2 Growth Strategy 20 5.3.3 Online Retailing 21 5.4 Techniques to Implement Recommended 2 1 Strategies 5.4.1 Owned Subsidiary 21 5.4.2 Joint Venture 22 5.4.3 Franchising 22 CONCLUSION 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 1. Presentation Zara is one of the main attire and style retail organizations which is based at Artexio, Galicia in Spain. It was set up in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Roselia Mera. The organization is portrayed by its enormous framework (just about 1750 stores in excess of 90 nations) and adaptable inward condition. Zara is delightfully beautified with vertical reconciliation framework inside the association which is useful in structuring, assembling, transportation, and dispersion of the items to the business sectors. The framework has empowered the organization to be less reliant on

Molson coors

Nations around the globe has to be sure avoided its neutralist propensities and has grasped wholeheartedly the statutes of globalization, China is certainly not an alien to this wonder. With over a billion people, it has by one way or another formed into a rewarding business sector for speculation. Attributable to its latent capacity, China is considered as the biggest lager advertise on the planet. Bottling works overall are competing to be a piece of this enormous market, and Molson Coors is in a situation to be a significant player. Be that as it may, alert is communicated in light of the fact that China is an intricate market and item request would fluctuate from district to locale. So if the craving of Molson Coors is to immerse the market in an across the country level, at that point they should be extra reasonable in their promoting pushes. Some portion of the government’s protectionist measures is to permit remote financial specialists to have an assembling and showcasing concurrence with a neighborhood partner. In this manner, items could arrive at buyers in all degrees of Chinese society. In accordance with this arrangement, Molson Coors in August 2001 framed the auxiliary †Coors Beer Beverages (Suzhou) Co.,Ltd., the object being to convey Coors Beer items into China. A fermenting understanding has additionally been inked with Lion Nathan Beer and Beverages (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. in October 2001. Dangers: As in every single potential market there will consistently be dangers as intrigued financial specialists and organizations racer for position and offer in the assembling and brew dispersion business. Also, since the market is as yet youthful thus gigantic, there will consistently be space for everyone. Contingent upon each company’s technique, the one that can give purchasers the most incentive to their cash will get the lion’s portion of the market. Rivalry has begun to show its monstrous head as significant players in the lager showcase are presently ready to build their piece of the pie. As of late however more distilleries are coming into China (50 are accounted for as of late). This is notwithstanding Budweiser, the present market pioneer; Carlsberg; Anheuser-Busch’s; SABMiller; Harbin Brewery and Scottish and Newcastle. Indeed, even with the wild action currently experienced in China, the neighborhood lager showcase stays to be constrained by local players. This makes it a divided market and thoroughly needs mixture of gigantic universal capital which could come as joint endeavor understandings. As a type of support, China’s per capita lager utilization stays to be low †which means the market has still such a great amount of space for advancement. References: â€Å"Bear in China 2006 A Market Analysis.† Research and Markets. December 2006. Research and Markets. 24 February 2008. <http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=363785>. â€Å"China’s Beer Market: Still Room for Investment.† AP-Foodtechnology. 6 August 2004. Choice News Media SAS. 24 February 2008. <http://www.ap-foodtechnology.com/news/ng.asp?id=54049-china-s-beer>. â€Å"SABMiller ‘top China brew seller.’†BBC News UK. 6 October 2006. BBC. 24 February 2008. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/howdy/business/5414688.stm >. Edgar Online Inc. 11 March 2005. Edgar Online, Inc. 24 February 2008. <http://sec.edgar-online.com/2005/03/11/0001047469-05-006237/Section2.asp>.

Qualities Of A Good Teacher

Every student has a specific set of expectations when it comes to their ideal qualities of a good teacher. What exactly are the qualities of a good teacher? It is a deeply held concept that the qualities of a good teacher depend entirely on the needs of studentsthat is very true.However, they are the instruments not only of education but of greater learning as well, specifically in other more serious aspects of life. Because of this, it is only logical to have a standard set of qualities that must be possessed by a good teacher so that humanity and learning go along with education. Aside from competency, here are the universal qualities of a good teacher.A good teacher values the minds of students.Although the teacher is in charge of educating students, it does not necessarily mean that only the teachers voice matters. A good teacher encourages students to speak their minds and listen to the opinions of their classmates regarding the lesson.A good teacher is warm and compassionate.No matter how good the credentials of a teacher may be, if warmth and compassion are missing, chances are the learning and progress of students might suffer seriously. Countless scientific studies have proven that warm and compassionate teachers are almost always successful in educating and positively molding the minds of students.A good teacher is devoted to teaching.It is not enough that a teacher is equipped to educate. A good teacher is also a student who is passionate about the subject being taught and constantly strives to seek and study ways to improve teaching methods to benefit students.A good teacher is approachable.Although this quality is definitely connected to warmth and compassion, a good teacher understands that the students learning will be greatly enhanced if he projects an open and welcoming disposition.A good teacher knows how to control the pace of learning.It is completely unavoidable and understandable that some students will always fare better than others. That is why a good teacher is sensitive enough to detect whether some students experience difficulty learning. When it happens, a good teacher is intelligent enough to examine and/or criticize his own teaching methods and devises effective ways to ensure that no student is left behind.A good teacher acts as guardian in the classroom.This is where the teachers moral responsibility is at its most crucial, especially in grade school, middle, and high school. While the role of the PTA is vital in molding upstanding character, there are times when a students learning is affected by factors unrelated to the classroom. A good teacher is perceptive enough to notice if a student is exhibiting changes in behavior and does everything in his and the schools power to try and help the student find a solution to the problem.A good teacher is a complete professional.While attitude and competency are major qualities, a good teacher is a professional inside and out. A good teacher looks and dresses in a professional manner, carries himself with dignity, not only when interacting with his students, but when communicating with fellow faculty members or dean/principal.Writing service for studentsEvery teacher is different when it comes to their way of teaching. One can be compassionate and sympathetic to their students, and some teachers can push students to so many challenges they believe they can handle. Moreover, teachers want nothing more but to see their students excel at what they are good at and discover what they want to do. They will help you do that by letting you experience a lot of activities and work while in schoolone of which is academic writing. But, if you have already discovered writing is not something you are good at, then you can always seek the assistance of an online academic writing service. is among those writing websites, and our writers are more than happy to render assistance. We provide services for custom essays, custom term papers, and custom research p apers. Contact us now and we will help you right away!

Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished in Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Capital punishment is a death sentence awarded for capital offences where in the criminal provisions consider such persons as a gross danger or threats to the existence of the society. As the merge of human rights associations, this punishment is strictly opposed for its cruelty and this has been a global debate for some years. In Malaysia, this punishment is proudly held in the law and until today, executions are being held. It is a great shame as all members of the United Nation were already called to join the moratorium of death penalty (Amnesty International, 2007). Many countries have abandoned capital punishment and Malaysia should do the same as it is inappropriate, cruel and it does not help the society in any ways. It is inappropriate for today as clearly, it is incongruent with what Malaysia is aiming for. The aim is to be a fully developed country and to be one Malaysia has to fulfil all challenges which one of it is to be a fully caring society (Razak, 2010). Putting a n end to one’s life does not define â€Å"caring† at all. Even though the punishment has been practised in almost every society, many have abandoned the punishment and more are in favour of abolishing it (Caroline Sculier, 2010). If the policy is as such, then the government is at the same footing as the murderers (Stevenson, 1993). As death penalty is final, those criminals will also be deprived from the opportunity to change and the true causes of crimes will not be figured out (Joseph A. Melusky, 2003). Thus, when justice is hurried, justice is buried too. This clearly shows that we have no mercy and for a society that values human rights, justice and mercy, there should be no death penalty at all (Ragunath Kesavan, 2010). To punish does not mean having to do it cruelly. The world has decides that death penalty is inhuman and degrading punishment which also constitutes a torture (Caroline Sculier, 2010). Inevitably, there are risks in executing innocent people such as cases of drug trafficking involving people who were fooled by so-called job agencies (The Star Online, 2010). It is very unjust to prosecute innocent lives. What is more, The United Nation disapproves capital punishment as it is contrary to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Malaysia’s excuse was that, Malaysia is not one of the signatories of Committees Against Torture (CAT) and International Convention of Civil nd Political Rights (ICCPR), and so, Malaysia is not bound to any of their aims (Eldridge, 2002). Malaysia has shown how barbaric the nation is and the reality of death penalty is that it is hypocritical as lives cannot be traded like commodities. To replace belongings or things is acceptable, but to kill, it is cruel (Stevenson, 1993). What more to grieve is, capital punishment does not deter crimes and it does not help the society. It shows no positive result in decreasing violent crime rates (Caroline Sculier, 2010). Death penalty actually prom otes crimes. When our government approves on taking one’s life, it’s a symbolic to vengeance. Thus, victims of crimes will not hesitate to do it on their own. Life imprisonment is the best option because a clean break is not that frightening. Having the thought of being locked up in a room for the whole life is scarier. For drug-trafficking offences, there is also no evidence that the punishment helps (Human Rights Watch, 2009). It is not only useless, but it obscures the true causes of crime too. Knowing the causes of crimes is what matters the most and by executing, this disallows research on them and will consequently blind us forever. Hence, the aim of deterring crime will never be achieved. Common arguments and beliefs of why Malaysia should continue capital punishment are of justice, deterrent and retribution. On justice, an execution is said to bring closure to the criminal and closure to the ordeal for the victim’s family. Of deterrent, capital punish ment is taken as a tool to scare potential criminals as it is hoped that they will think twice before breaking the law for fear of losing their lives. And of retribution, the taking of criminal’s life allows society to show convincingly that certain crimes will not be tolerated. However in reality, if criminals have made up their minds to commit crimes, having the â€Å"mens rea† to do any, the punishments will never be taken in considerations. Plus, it is not the best deterrent tool as there is no exact statistic showing the decrease of crime rate for which the death penalty is mandatory (Ragunath Kesavan, 2010). To continue this law is to show how decadent the nation is. Malaysia has more moral based policies, but still, why is this legal? Australia’s previous Prime Minister, Hawke, have mentioned capital punishment as barbaric by seeing Malaysia’s policy. And that was insulting (Eldridge, 2002). Killing in any form victimizes all human kinds. Kil ling will never solve problems and killing will further brings great destructions. The world has decides that the punishment is cruel and let us stand with others. We pride ourselves for being a â€Å"caring† society and let us show to the world that we are. Capital punishment should be abolished as it proves nothing but the act of barbarism.

The Value of Multiculturalism and Diversity in Business Essay

The Value of Diversity and Multiculturalism in Business Diversity and Multiculturalism are two topics that, themselves, are not new. To start off with a uniform basic understanding, what are diversity and multiculturalism? According to Merrium-Webster, Diversity is ‘the condition of having or being composed of differing elements, especially the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization’. Whereas, Merrium-Webster defined multiculturalism as ‘relating to, reflecting, or adapted to diverse cultures’. Simply put, Diversity is the differences themselves, while multiculturalism is the ability to connect with and respect those differences. When it comes to business, coming†¦show more content†¦Once these differences on a fundamental level are overlooked, the openness will set in along with its benefits. According to the Center for American Progress, ‘a diverse workforce is integral to a strong economy.’ Some of the benefits listed by the Center for American Progress are that ‘A diverse workforce drives economic growth†¦can capture a greater share of the consumer market†¦[creates] a more qualified workforce†¦[and] fosters a more creative and innovative workforce†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Kerby and Burns, Jul 2012). However, found in the study by the Journal of Business Communication, the lack of acceptance and therefore lack of diversity in the workforce will halt all of these benefits (Fine, Oct 1996, pg487). Essentially, the business that are moving forward and taking over the market are the ones with diverse workforces. They can draw from various backgrounds as well as come together to aim their product or service at a wider field of consumers. These businesses embrace differences and therefore are able to reach out and break through to these newly found markets. Multiculturalism Each culture holds its own strengths and weaknesses. When these cultures come together, a massive range of talents can be brought together. ‘Multicultural discourses that incorporate the diverse voices of all workers will not only transform our public and private economic organizations, they will also reinvigorate our public discourses and political institutions, strengthening ourShow MoreRelatedMichelle Julia Anderson- 250848884. 2230E- Erin Orr. Tuesday,1329 Words   |  6 PagesOrr Tuesday, February 7th, 2017 Multiculturalism has played a significant role in Canada, since its establishment 40 years ago. Much of Canadian society is reflective of different cultures from around the world making multiculturalism a very relevant topic to Canadians. While it can be argued that the majority of Canadians are in favor of multiculturalism, there are some who hold a different opinion. Though some critics claim that multiculturalism promotes a form of ‘hyphenated Canadianism’Read MoreEssay on Views and Definitions of Multiculturalism924 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION: There are different views and definition of multiculturalism; the definition of multiculturalism depends on the context in which it is used. In sociology, multiculturalism is the idea that various cultures exist in a society and all these cultures deserve equal treatment (Macionis, 2010). Sociologists believe that members of different cultures can live peacefully alongside each other and assimilation is not necessary. This essay will focus on both the positive aspects and the main tensionsRead MoreEffects Of Multiculticulturalism925 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION: There are different views and definition of multiculturalism; the definition of multiculturalism depends on the context in which it is used. In sociology, multiculturalism is the idea that various cultures exist in a society and all these cultures deserve equal treatment (Macionis, 2010). Sociologists believe that members of different cultures can live peacefully alongside each other and assimilation is not necessary; but this does not happen in all multicultural societies. This essayRead MoreEssay on The Canadian Mosaic Vs. The U.S. Melting Pot1707 Words   |  7 Pagesrenown for being one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and work together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens being first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to preserve and e nhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equality inRead MoreThe Canadian Mosaic vs. the U.S. Melting Pot1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrenown for being one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and work together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens being first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to preserve and enhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equality inRead MoreDemographic Factors Research909 Words   |  4 Pagestheir products. Coca Cola was invented on May 1886 by John Stith Pemberton in Jacob’s pharmacy in Atlanta, GA (Coca Cola, 2009). The name for the company was suggested by his bookkeeper Frank Robinson. The Coca Cola is a globalized company and has business practices put in place that are built on simplicity and solidity. The Coca-Cola Company and its network of bottlers include the most sophisticated and all-encompassing production and distribution system in the world (Coca Cola, 2009). That systemRead MoreThe Diversity Of The Multicultural Company, And Australia And China923 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment such as diversity, multiculturalism, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, cultural differences, barriers and cultural intelligence will be discussed. Furthermore, analyse the differences in national cultures and differences in political, social and economic systems in order to help managers succeed in a foreign country. Moreover, the essay has investigated how Australian managers concentrate on decision-making and intercultural communication as a result of operating business successfully. TheRead MoreAoteaora New Zealand s Society Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesZealand’s society and has a massive impact in its history. Having a clear understanding of it is crucial in order to be more appreciative of how diverse New Zealand’s society has become, and it also helps us discern the negative aspects of diversity and multiculturalism. By examining and understanding biculturalism, it helps us discern the Treaty of Waitangi’s role and influences in the human services provision here in New Zealand. Biculturalism is quite a specific concept, but there are many diverseRead MoreOperations994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe following: †¢ Value System: A guide of values for which people of a given culture abides by at all times. †¢ Language: The vernacular spoken by the native people. †¢ Business Etiquette: Good manners shown toward employees partners when conducting business. †¢ Religious Practices: Religious beliefs like Christianity for example. Diversity on an international scale has become an important topic because of all the different people you are bound to encounter when doing business internationallyRead MoreManaging Cultural Diversity : An Organization2226 Words   |  9 Pages Managing cultural diversity workplaces are a challenge that has the potential to influence organization positively or negatively. People are an organization’s most important key of assets and knowing how to maximize their abilities is critical to success. Utilizing diversity and acknowledging, appreciating will help build the resources that business needs to be successful now and in the future. Australia has seen dramatic changes in the structure of its workplace. Now made up of women, immigrants

Impact of Alzheimers Disease in the United States - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2858 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? This study intends to investigate the impact of Alzheimers disease in various sectors such as economy where the cost of care giving and cost of treatment are costly causing the economys resources to be diverted there. The cost of care giving continues to rise with time and by 2050, it is estimated that the cost will rise to about 1.1 trillion U.S. Dollars. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Alzheimers Disease in the United States" essay for you Create order The study illustrates that Alzheimers disease is among the most expensive diseases to diagnose and treat in America compared to others such as cancer and coronary heart diseases. Annual costs for treatment and caregiving ranges to 100 billion U.S. Dollars. Alzheimers disease also leads to serious human suffering, hence people quitting from their jobs and their special activities since it interferes with someones livelihood. According to this study, Alzheimers disease is speculated to lead America to bankruptcy within the next few decades. However, the situation can be remedied by various steps such as establishing Federal Programs for health systems to improve on prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimers disease, and supporting the work organizations such as a Alzheimers Association in fighting Alzheimers disease. This will go a long way to save the nation. Impact of Alzheimers Disease in United States Introduction Alzheimers disease is a prevalent dementia type associated with memory challenges, reasoning, and deficiency in cognitive abilities. The main risk factors for Alzheimers disease include a rise in the number of aging people, since the majority of the population with Alzheimers disease age about 65. According to the Alzheimers Association, Alzheimers disease worsens as time goes by since it continually progresses once a patient develops the symptoms (Alzheimers 2015). The early symptoms include mild loss of memory, but later stages also show the reduced ability for patients to respond appropriately to their current environment, the inability to maintain relationships with other people, and the inability to hold a proper conversation. Various medical reports show that Alzheimers disease has no known cure, although there is an available treatment for symptoms. Furthermore, there is extensive research being done to come up with th e full cure. Although the current treatment is not in a position to prevent the progression of Alzheimers disease, it plays a significant role in enhancing lifespan and slows down the rate of increased symptoms. Alzheimers disease has been the main cause of worry in many nations over the decades due to the number of deaths it causes. The lifespan for those who develop the disease is about eight years once the symptoms can become evident, while survival rates range from four to five years in individuals, although this is dependent on health, condition, and age. According to the Alzheimers Association, there has been an enormous burden caused by Alzheimers disease and other dementias to many countries, especially the American state. This burden mainly goes to the American government, individuals, caregivers, and health organizations systems. According to the annual report made by the Alzheimers Association, there is a huge population living with the disease; it is estimated to be at about 5.7 million. The report estimates that this number is likely to project to about 14 million by 2050. Alzheimers disease is among the six leading causes of death in the U.S. and a health care organization repo rts that Alzheimers disease has been causing more deaths in the past and current decades than those produced by both prostate cancer and breast cancers. It is a worrying situation as the disease develops in a U.S. individual every 60 seconds, this rate is likely to rise to 33 seconds by the year 2050. Americans family preoccupied with the needs and fear of relatives with Alzheimers disease and other dementias due to the cost in providing care. The report estimates that 16.1 million citizens cannot meet the cost of delivering care, hence causing massive debts and putting a heavy burden on the caregivers. Patients with Alzheimers disease require 18.4 hours of caregiving according to the 2017 report; this caregiving is estimated to cost about 232 billion U.S. dollars. The total cost of caregiving and treatment, according to this report, is likely to increase to 277 billion U.S. dollars, causing the nation to direct a lot of resources to the health sector. Worse is, the costs will continue to rise over the decades despite the various campaigns being held all over America. The report estimates that by 2050, the price will increase to about 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars. Therefore, medical practitioners and health care in general have a role to play in carrying out early, precise, and accurate diagnoses, further research on the etiology and risk factors for the disease, and proper treatment with a mission to save masses of people ( Heneka et al. 2015). Also, there is a high possibility of salvaging 7.9 trillion U.S. dollars from the medical and caregiving costs. There have been significant efforts and fights against Alzheimers disease. The leading organization in America in fighting to end Alzheimers disease is the Alzheimers Association. This organizations sole mission and objective is to eliminate Alzheimers disease and all other dementias by taking up advanced research, providing enhanced care for patients, and reducing the risk factors for all dementias by ensuring proper brain health and creating adequate awareness to the citizens through their various campaigns. Other organizations include the BrightFocus Organization, Alzheimers Research Organization, and the Auguste Deter Foundation. These organizations have dire need to control the development of Alzheimers disease due to its many impacts, especially on the economy of America. This article elaborates further on the general the impact of mortality, caregiving, and the costs of treatment of Alzheimers disease in the U.S. Alzheimers disease leads to severe human suffering. The patient undergoes a period of a lack of awareness, reduction in cognitive behavior, loss of memory, impaired eyesight, impaired speaking and writing. Sudden change of personality especially in mood to mood changes and inability to carry out daily activities, hence withdrawing from working environments and consequently, there is an increased dependency on their relatives (Norton et al.2014). They often require close attention through caregiving; it forces them to cut on food budgets to meet the cost of caregiving which is very costly. This is primarily in the elderly who require hospice services and long-term care since they cannot do anything for themselves. Alzheimers comes along with various syndromes such as difficulty in sleeping, cases of prolonged depression, apathy, and hyperactivity (Rosenberg et al. 2015). These syndromes require non-stop care and medical attention that have proved to be very costly. Alzheimers disease is associated with the inability to exercise clear judgment, hence, patients are not in a position to make decisions by themselves. They are unable to communicate appropriately with those they have direct relationships with using both verbal and non-verbal cues. Alzheimers disease has a tremendous economic impact on the United States. It is among the most expensive conditions to diagnose and treat in the U.S., and it is the third most costly disease in the U.S. following cancer and coronary heart disease. The annual cost of treatments and caregiving for Alzheimers disease account to 100 billion U.S. dollars. These costs include direct costs like medical care costs, intangible costs which involve the pain and endurance which those related directly to patients undergo and indirect costs. The latter involves the costs endured of the resources lost during illness. These may include reduced productivity to excessive caregiving by nurses, unpaid caregiving services, and the premature deaths of patients. Alzheimers disease has been speculated to cause Americans a lot of money within the next few decades as cases of Alzheimers disease continue to increase every year. Caring for patients with Alzheimers disease is estimated to costs Medicare, other private insurance in the U.S., Medicaid, and even other individuals over 20 trillion U.S. dollars in the next few decades. Factors that increase the cost of Alzheimers disease include the severity of Alzheimers disease and other dementias which increases over time, comorbidities. Reports show that a single patient may experience more than one comorbid condition. The cost of treatment for each comorbidity is about 10,400 U.S. dollars. For instance, the settings of giving care during the early stages of the disease are presented as the indirect costs and are usually higher than direct costs because patients are taken care of by informal caregivers. Putting the patients in institutions when the symptoms begin to become severe usually reverses the indirect costs and reduces them, causing a rise in direct expenses to therefore an increase in the total cost up to 3 times. Research proves that a reduced delay in diagnosis and accurate testing is believed to reduce the total cost of the disease. Prevalence of Alzheimers disease increases with a growth in age groups, which in turn increase the total cost of caring. In analyzing the economic impact and the effects of treatment of Alzheimers disease, various facts have to be laid down. For instance, if a treatment delays, it does not necessarily influence the survival rate of the patient but the overal l cost of treatment. If there is the desire to reduce the cost of medications to a certain range, one of the areas to look at is the sector of informal caregiving. If, however, the treatment process is prolonged with the purpose to enhance survival, there is a possibility that there will be a rise in the overall cost of treatment. Some economic analysis which has the potential to influence the cost of treatment may be used, such as RCT and pre-post designs. However, these analyses are expensive to carry out and not of significant impact since they are too short term. Pharmacological treatments have great potential to increase the total cost of Alzheimers disease despite the roles they play in reducing the symptoms of the progressing disease. These treatments are very costly, causing an enormous strain on those who relate directly to the patients. Another significant impact is on the fact that Alzheimers disease is a fatal disease, and this is because there has not been a real cure despite the outstanding efforts made by health care systems and advanced research. Alzheimers disease is also a disease that progresses with time, and the only available treatment is meant to slow the symptoms. Hence, once the disease develops in an individual, the final result will be eventual death. This has caused a prolonged strain for the relatives of the patients and the nurses taking care of them. Various reports show that caregivers suffer from psychiatric symptoms such as depression. The knowledge that the patient will eventually die and offering too many hours of care brings stress and depression. Relatives use a lot of resources, cutting off budgets and all of a sudden shifting attention to the expensive treatment associated with Alzheimers disease that is incapable of curing the patient. This fatal aspect of Alzheimers disease has caused a significant deprivation of the economic state of the United States. This mainly occurs because once the disease develops in a patient, the patient is incapable of taking up responsibilities and activities which revolve around cognitive behavior, memory, and interacting with other members of the society (Ch? ©telat 2018). They are forced to quit working since they become helpless. This does more harm than good to the economy. Instead of the patients generating revenue, they spend most of the countrys resources on treatment and caregiving. This treatment is very costly. This, in turn, leads to the state shifting its resources on the health sector, ignoring other areas that generate more funds. Despite all those financial strains, the patient eventually dies. Worse is, there are high numbers of those who die annually, decade after decade. This reduces the number of citizens by an exceptional range, thus reducing income and revenue by a triple range. If steps in fighting Alzheimers disease are not laid down by mid-century, the U.S. and other nations will receive a blow due to the loss they will have faced. A notorious challenge in the U.S. is the issue of unpaid caregiving, 83% of care provided to Alzheimers disease patients in the U.S. comes from friends, relatives, and other caregivers who are not paid for care given. This unpaid caregiving has played a significant role in reducing economic growth as it ac counts up to about 232 billion U.S. dollars, and this is more than double the revenue that other sources of income provide. Caregiving is a significant process that is integral during treatment. The role of caregivers is to ensure that patients maintain their hygiene to prevent further infections that may be risk factors to a progression of the disease. Most of the nurses are often unable to provide the total care required for patients and have to work over time to meet the amount of attention needed, therefore, they have to work many hours, thus assistance has been reducing over the years (Montanini et al. 2016). Major approaches that may be expensive are being taken to aid the nurses in providing proper care without necessarily straining them and with the sole purpose to enhance the independence of the patients with the Alzheimers disease. Ambient Assisted Living technologies may offer the kind of assistance required. The least amount of informal care provided on a weekly basis for Alzheimers disease patients is 490 hours of work. The bulk of the cost of caregiving mainly goes to the unpaid caregivers. The majority of the caregiving is not only facing financial issues but also their health risks associated with caring for Alzheimers disease patients. These involve developing depression and advances psychological disorders these ca regivers face. These psychiatric disorders result from too many hours of caregiving and prolonged lifetime caregiving. The caregiving burden rises as the diseases symptoms become severe, as the patients health deteriorates, and the caregiver is also at high risk of being fatally ill. In the fight against Alzheimers disease, the U.S. should focus mainly on the risk factors that may interfere with the lifespan of an individual with dementia. One major step is in preventing other chronic diseases that may advance symptoms such as diabetes and preventing obesity which is a significant risk factor as it leads to adipokine dysregulation. Research done by The Journals of Gerontology shows that by reducing the risk and impact of diabetes, the lifespan of a 52- year old dementia patient may be advanced. Also, elimination of high blood pressure for the middle-aged and the elderly increases the expected lifespan of patients living with Alzheimers disease and other dementias by a period of two to three years (Zissimopoulos at al. 2018). In conclusion, Alzheimers disease is one of the most prevalent and devastating diseases in the U.S. that has drained the resources and the econnomy by continually increasing the cost of careviging and general treatment, especially among the aging groups. There must be an outlined plan that must be set to reduce the widespread impact of Alzheimers disease in the U.S. The problems concerning the patient suffering from Alzheimers disease should be more open in their healthcare department and reasearch minds, so they can work together by making enough efforts in coming with a cure for the Alzhe imers disease. The main focus during pharmacological treatment has been on prolonging the lifespan of the patient. To achieve better results, the focus should shift with immediate effect on solely determining etiological risk factors and doing away with them, and in turn, ultimately controling the development of the fatal disease. Focusing on prolonging the life of the patient does not give the long-term solution because, at the end of the day, there is the loss of life due to Alzheimers disease. There should be disease-prevention therapy. This kind of treatment is not only estimated to salvage millions of peoples lives but would also save billions of U.S. dollars in treatment and care provided. One of the other steps is to establish federal programs for families and health systems to improve the prevention of Alzheimers disease, diagnosis, caregiving, pharmacological treatment, and institutional and informal care. This will enable the nation to determine whether it is meeting the direct challenges caused by the disease for families affected, the caregivers, and the economy in general. This process, however, requires various resources to be channeled to the health sector for the plan to be fully implemented. Such resources include advanced research by scientists, funds for research, and the general participati on by the government in coming up with a permanent solution for the countys primary challenge. Another important step that the nation can undertake is to promote the work done by organizations such as the Alzheimers Association, whose major role is to fight the disease. Promoting this organization may involve funding by the government since it is a non-profit organization. This will enable the citizens to generally appreciate the work done and to promote awareness through sharing information, supporting the organization during campaigns, and participating in setting aside some amount to donate them. The medical experts also have a great role to play in the early and accurate diagnosis of the disease to understand the real cause and establish the required treatment in time. This will go a long way to prevent mortality up to a very high percentage.

Accounting Information Systems Essay - 921 Words

Accounting Information Systems Laquasia Fields XACC/210 May 26, 2013 Cito Vanegas Every Company or Business has different Information Systems that the use to run the Company. There are various types of information systems employed by payroll, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and accounting? Types of Information systems that are employed by payroll, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are Paychex, UltiPro Payroll Software, ADP Payroll services, Intuitive Payroll Systems, and QuickBooks Payroll. Various types of Accounting Software is Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, Intuit Quicken, Sage 50, and QuickBooks. Paychex Inc. is a payroll and human resource service company which serves approximately 572,000†¦show more content†¦Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer. The company is owned by Riordan Industries, which is a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. The products that they produce is plastic beverage containers. The containers are produced in Albany, Georgia, the custom plastic parts produced at its plant in Pontiac, Michigan, and plastic fan parts produced at its facilities in Hangzhou, China. They employ 550 persons with projected yearly earnings of $46 million. Riordan Manufacturing’s mission is to focus its industry leaders in using polymer materials to provide solutions to our customer’s challenges. Riordan is a privately held company. The Chief Operating Officer (COO) is Hugh McCauley and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is Dale Edgel. Individuals in a business usually do not work alone all the time, but instead i n teams, committees, departments, and other types of workgroups. Riordan Manufacturing is one of them. The hardware that Riordan Manufacturing used within the organization to support information systems is Management information systems, internal control system, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System. The hardware this used is very sufficient. Todays ERP systems can cover a wide range of functions and integrate these functions into one unified database. ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into a single system. Other hardware that is used toShow MoreRelatedAccounting Information System1811 Words   |  8 PagesDiscussion I. I. Accounting information system is a combination of collecting, recording, storing, and processing data of a business. The advancement of technology initiates business firms to seek for new innovations that would greatly help in business functions. As what Dillon and Kruck (2004) had explained, â€Å"at the start of the 21st century, business organizations are facing an explosion of global competition and innovation and facilitating this explosion is the increasing ability of organizationsRead MoreQuestions On Accounting Information Systems2346 Words   |  10 PagesACC539-201560 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS – ASSIGNMENT 1 The abovementioned has been arranged in two parts on the same document, first Question 1 then Question 2 follows below that: QUESTION 1: Question 1: explanation of how implementation of cloud accounting information system in an organisation relates to corporate straegy and value chain. Risks and benefits are explored. Introduction We seek to investigate how the implementation of a cloud accounting information system relates to anRead MoreAccounting Information System3639 Words   |  15 PagesExecutive Summary Accounting information system is an extremely important role in the enterprise management. As technology advances, the system software is constantly improving, constantly enhance the function of the system, thus improving the efficiency of enterprise management. Accounting information system network and multi-function trend is more obvious, how is the fastest way to management to provide the latest information to help decision-makers analysis, forecasting, decision-making, improveRead MoreAccounting Information Systems7237 Words   |  29 PagesOne As accounting students we have studied a variety of accounting areas involving financial and taxes. The accounting information course appears to be a course that heads in a different direction then what we as students have become accustomed to. Speaking for myself I have always been drawn to the accounting field because it is a black and white area. In other words, there it is organized and has right and wrong answers, this leaving out the gray areas between right and wrong. Accounting informationRead MoreThe Implementation Of Accounting Information Systems1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe implementation of accounting information systems, accounting and corporate accounting management environment has undergone great changes, internal control mechanisms and instruments manual accounting system was not available for the network environment, the establishment of information systems and accounting internal control system adapted to become enterprises need to solve the problems. In the 1990s, with the development of global economic integration and information technology. Internet,Read MoreAccounting Information System (Ais) - a Conceptual Study1986 Words   |  8 PagesISSN:-2230-7850 Research Papers ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS) - A Conceptual Study Dr.Rambabu Gopisetti Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Telangana University, Dichpally, Nizamabad, A.P. 503322 G.Srinivas Academic Consultant, Department of Commerce, Telangana University, Nizamabad, A.P. ABSTRACT Managerial decision making normally relies upon an effective information system. At present many firms are using accounting software to prepare accounting reports very quick, perfectlyRead MoreThe Adoption Of Cloud Based Accounting Information System1784 Words   |  8 Pagesreport is to critically analyze the adoption of cloud based accounting information system (AIS) in business organizations and also its challenges and benefits of cloud based environment. Cloud accounting (SAASU 2014, para 3) is also called ‘online accounting’, which provides the same service as accounting software and data is securely stored on servers known as the cloud. According to Emma Watkins (Demand Media 2014, para 1), â€Å"cloud accounting is the use of computer hardware and software applicationsRead MoreThe Adoption Of Cloud Based Accounting Information System2021 Words   |  9 Pagesreport is to critically analyze the adoption of cloud based accounting information system (AIS) in busin ess organizations and also its challenges and benefits of cloud based environment. Cloud accounting (SAASU 20124, para 3) is also called ‘online accounting’, which provides the same service as accounting software and data is securely stored on servers as known as the cloud. According to Emma Watkins (Demand Media 2014, para 1), â€Å"cloud accounting is the use of computer hardware and software applicationsRead MoreAccounting Information System 53570 Words   |  15 Pages1450-223X Issue 4 (2009), pp36-44  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr.htm Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and Knowledge Management: A Case Study Zulkarnain Muhamad Sori Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management Universiti Putra Malaysia Abstract This study seeks to examine the use of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) by ZBMS Sdn. Bhd., and it’s contribution to the knowledge management and strategic role of the organisationRead MorePayroll Fraud And Accounting Information Systems1391 Words   |  6 Pages Payroll Fraud and Accounting Information Systems Stephanie Ace and Nisha Selvam Payroll systems have evolved tremendously as software and computerized systems have spread throughout the workplace. While this has alleviated some of the hassle involved with processing payroll, it has also opened up a world of potential issues. Oftentimes, systems that appear both effective and efficient can become vulnerable if placed in the hands of dishonest employees or employers

Emphysema Essay - 1255 Words

Emphysema Introduction: Emphysema is a condition of the lungs that involves the over-inflation of the air sacs, otherwise known as the alveoli. Normal functioning of the alveoli helps breathing in normal respiration. Unlike other lung diseases this one can be inherited. This is a disease that can affect people of all ages and genders. In 1994, the number of males with emphysema outnumbered the females by fifty four percent. However, in the two years that followed the difference between males and females decreased by ten percent. Classification: Emphysema is a lung disease that is classified as a COPD. (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Natural History (Symptoms): A person may notice various signs that will lead them†¦show more content†¦Swelling and increased fluid in the lungs may also be a sign to look for. A steady tracking of the symptoms and health history of the person should be taken into consideration as well. Prevalence and/or Incidence: Emphysema is a fairly common disease, with two out of one thousand people reporting cases. Currently, there are 1.8 million Americans in the United States that have emphysema. Emphysema is ranked 15th among chronic conditions or diseases which limit people’s daily activity. A study by the American Lung Association shows that 44 percent of people with emphysema have reported that their daily activities have been greatly limited due to the disease. Ethnical Distribution: Emphysema can be contracted by people of all walks of life and does not favor any particular ethnic groups. The contraction of emphysema mainly depends on life style. Geographical Distribution: Emphysema is a disease that in not only caused by the way you live, but can be contracted through the area in which a person lives. For example, people who live in urban areas are at higher risk. This is due to the fact that these areas are more highly populated with factories and cluttered with automobiles. These factories produce a great deal of smoke which can be very harmful to the lungs of the people who inhale it. The automobile exhaust has the same affect on the lungs if inhaled forShow MoreRelatedEmphysema Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesEmphysema Emphysema is a condition in which there is over-inflation of structures in the lungs known as alveoli or air sacs. This over-inflation results from a breakdown of the walls of the alveoli, which causes a decrease in respiratory function (the way the lungs work) and often, breathlessness. Early symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath and cough. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis together comprise chronic obstructive Read MoreA Discussion of Emphysema and COPD1266 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a sign of a potential health problem like emphysema, asthma, or tuberculosis. People smoke for different reasons; nevertheless, it is an addiction that they can recover from. It may take them several tries to quit smoking, but they can quit. People don’t think about the harm that they are putting on their lungs and alveoli when they put a cigarette to their mouth. For example, many long time smokers are diagnose with emphysema every minute. Emphysema is an example of a chronic obstructive pulmonaryRead MoreEmphysema: Chronic Pulmorary Disease745 Words   |  3 PagesEmphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The name emphysema comes from greek. There are about 20 million victims that suffer from this disease every year. This sickness is mostly caused by smoking. A cigarette has more than 4,800 chemicals inside i t. There is about 70% of adults that start to smoke at the age of 18. (lung.org) Statistics say that cigarettes are the highest reasons that emphysema is the cause (health central). Strong chemicals that people smoke like tobaccoRead MoreA Short Note On Emphysema, The Irreversible Enlargement Of The Acini1286 Words   |  6 Pages Emphysema Megan Kehn Delta College April 15, 2015 Pathophysiology Emphysema is the irreversible enlargement of the acini that includes the destruction of the walls of the alveoli without apparent fibrosis (Huether McCance, 2012). The alveolar septa is destroyed which then amplifies the amount of air in the acinus. Inhalation of pulmonary irritants such as cigarette smoke and certain environmental pollutants is thought to lead to the hindering of the endogenous antiproteases and stimulateRead MoreA Short Note On Emphysema And Pneumomediastinum : The Presence Of Air Or Other Gases Within The Confines Of Mediastinal Structures2320 Words   |  10 PagesMediastinal emphysema or pneumomediastinum is the presence of air or other gases within the confines of mediastinal structures. First described by Laennec in 1819 [1], the main causes of pneumomediastinum are trauma, tracheobronchial or oesophageal-bronchial fistulas, invasive procedures (cervical, thoracic, or abdominal), positive-pressure ventilation, coughing, vomiting, Valsalva manoeuvre, physic al exertion, and inhaled drug use, among others [2]. It rarely occurs in the absence of pulmonaryRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1509 Words   |  7 Pages When a person had Alpha-1 Antirypsm deficiency, it causes a problem with making a specific protein. This proteins help prevent the disease. Without out the protein the disease is common. Their are two major types of COPD, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In emphysema the walls between the air sacs are destroyed. In turn the sacs loose their shape. Their become fewer larger air sac instead of of numerous smaller one. This causes problems with the body getting enough oxygen (COPD). WithoutRead MoreEssay On Emphysema1402 Words   |  6 Pageslower mitochondria amount (Fig. 10B) in emphysema in comparison with controls. We also wanted to analyze changes in mitochondrial amount in A549 cells treated with H2O2 for 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h and 2h. We used Tom20 as a marker of mitochondria and live cell confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM 510). We found time-dependent decreased mitochondrial amount after 2h treatment (Fig. 11). Summary of Preliminary Results †¢ We found high levels of DJ-1-Cys-106-SO3- in emphysema. †¢ DJ-1-Cys-106-SO3- interacts with DNARead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1535 Words   |  7 Pagespulmonary disease, or COPD, which is an overall heading used to cover several conditions, all of which are characterized by blockage of air from the lungs, resulting in increasing breathlessness. The two main diseases that fall into this category are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. According to the American Lung Association, COPD affects the lives of more than 12 million adults in the United States. There is a large difference in the way an unaffected, healthy lung and a COPD stricken lung operates.Read MoreThe Human Respiratory System and Smoking Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesEmphysema The human respiratory system includes the lungs, pathways connecting them to the outside environment and structures in the chest that help the movement of air in and out of the lungs. When the movement of air in and out of the lungs is limited, people experience a difficulty in breathing. Emphysema is a type of chronic lung-disease. It results when the air sacs walls are heavily damaged causing loss of elasticity. The main cause of emphysema is smoking and the treatments can’t reverseRead MoreCopd929 Words   |  4 Pagesadult population, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. 4 With COPD, a person will usually have two main medical conditions that limit airflow. These conditions are known as emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Emphysema causes the elasticity of the lung tissue to be lost. The alveolar walls between air sacs in the lung are damaged, and this causes them to lose their shape and become flimsy. Over time, this damage destroys the walls,

Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade free essay sample

The struggle to end the transatlantic slave trade and slavery was achieved by African resistance and economic factors as well as through humanitarian campaigns. The most prominent abolitionists, notably Thomas Clarion and William Wildflower, were great publicists. Wildflower (1759-1833) led the British parliamentary campaign to abolish the slave trade and slavery. Opinion in Europe was also changing. Moral, religious and humanitarian arguments found more and more support. A vigorous campaign to achieve abolition began in Britain in 1 783 and also developed in North America and the Caribbean, often led by the Black churches.In Britain, Thomas Clarion (1760-1846) was another prominent campaigner who was principally responsible for collecting evidence against the trade. Clarion was a founder member of the society for effecting the abolition of the slave trade in 1787. In Liverpool, William Rose was one of the best known abolitionists. He wrote poetry and pamphlets in favor of abolition. Opinion in Liverpool was generally pro-slavery and like other abolitionists, Rose tended to work behind the scenes rather than openly declaring his views. We will write a custom essay sample on Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An active counter campaign was mounted by those who profited from slavery. The West India lobby of plantation owners and their supporters in the British Parliament fought abolition. Although ultimately unsuccessful, they gained 20 million pounds compensation for plantation owners for the loss of their slaves. Ex-slaves were not compensated. Despite the abolition of slave trading by Britain and other countries from 1807 onwards, illegal trading continued for a further 60 years. About a quarter of all Africans who were enslaved between 1 500 and 1 870 were transported across the Atlantic in the years after 1807. Much of this illegal trade was to the sugar plantations of Cuba and Brazil.From 1815 to 1865, the British Royal Navy undertook antislavery patrols off the West African coast, seizing hundreds of vessels. Britain was forced to pay compensation for seized ships and to encourage countries such as Spain and Portugal to abolish slaving. Although humanitarian considerations were important, economic interests were also at stake. Cuba and Brazil were competitors to British West Indian sugar production. Merchants developing the palm oil trade with West Africa, who were largely based in Liverpool, also feared illegal slaving would damage their interests.

Business Model for Activity System-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Model for Activity System. Answer: Introduction This essay will be discussing the understanding pertaining to the concept of business model along with the ways in which theoretical understanding pertaining to the business models can be utilised for the explanation of innovation process, value appropriation and value creations in organisations in real life. The academic literature with respect to the business model will be explored for the investigation of three major concepts of business models e-business model archetypes, business models as activity systems and business model as a cost / revenue architecture. The investigation of such concepts will be performed both individually and also with regards to one another under the umbrella theme which is associated with the business models. Concept of Business Model A business model is the articulation of logic. Data along with other evidence is provided by it which depict the ways in which the business leads to the creation as well as delivery of value to its customers. An outline regarding the architecture of costs, revenues and profits linked to the enterprise carrying out business provides that value is provided by the business model. The issues which are associated with a good business model design share an interrelationship with each other and lie at the core of building a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, a business model is a description of the manner in which value is created and delivered to the customers by the enterprise and how payments that are received are converted to profits. If the business pioneers wish to derive profits from innovation, it is essential that they excel in business model design and product innovation and also understand options related to business design, technological trajectories and customer needs. It provides definition of the business logic that is needed for earning profits and after adoption it describes the manner in which the firm goes to market. For assuring competitive advantage, the business model should be efficient and effective (Teece, 2010). Even though business models are an integral part of trading and also of economic behaviour, the concept of business model gained prevalence with internet advent in the mid-1990s and has picked up ever since (Teece, 2010). Certain authors are also of the view that the emergence of this concept and its use extensively might have been driven by internets extent (Amit Zott, 2001). The other driving factors might be rapid growth in the markets that are emerging, interest in issues pertaining to bottom of pyramid and expanding industries as well as organisations that depend on post industrial technologies (Thompson MacMillan, 2010) (Perkmann Spicer, 2010). Discussion of the various notions E-business Archetype e-business refers to doing business electronically. It consists of e-markets, e-commerce and business that are internet based and the reference is to the organisations conducting commercial transactions with their buyers as well as their business partners via the internet (Mahadevan, 2000). Advances that have taken place recently in information technologies and communication like the emergence and also the rapid expansion that has taken place of the internet along with the swift derease in the costs of communication and commuting have led to new ways of creation and delivery of value that have resulted in opportunities for creating exchange mechanisms as well as transaction architectures of unconventional type (Amit Zott, 2001). Along with it have come the possibilities for designing organisational plans that are new and span boundaries (Dunbar Starbuck, 2006). Such developments have resulted in the opening of new horizons which facilitate designing of business models so that organ isations are enabled to change in a fundamental way regarding the manner in which they not only organise but also engage in exchanges of economic nature within as well as across the boundaries of both the enterprise and industry (Mendelson, 2000). This also comprises the manner in which the interaction occurs between the customers and the suppliers (Brynjolfsson Hitt, 2004). The principal driver for increasing attention to business models and consequently the emergence of theory related to the topics (Ghaziani Ventresca, 2005) (Yip, 2004). Research on models of e-business may be organised into two complementary streams firstly the generic e-business models providing typologies and secondly e-business model components. Business Model as a Activity System Increasing attention has been received from business strategists and schools who have shown interest in providing explanation of the firms competitive advantage, performance and value creation. Business model concept has been employed for explaining value creation in case of networked markets (Zott Amit, 2008). The focus is on the activities of the firm with their network of partners. However, it has been acknowledged by the scholars that the business models are not executed by the firm in competitive vacuum and business models are used as a means for competition between firms (Casadesus-Masanell Ricart, 2010). Hence, a potential source pertaining to competitive advantage is the business model (Markides Charitou, 2004). The newer and effective models provide novelty that lead to value creation that is superior (Morris, Schindehutte, Allen, 2005). A central role can also be played by the business model to explain the firms performance. Business model is considered as a unifying construct for providing explanation of firm performance and its competitive advantage. It is described as a method by which the resources of the firm are built and used for offering better value to the customers and making money while doing this (Afuah, 2004). Business models are also considered as extensions of central ideas in cases of business strategies. It might provide the firm a competitive advantage which is different from its market position. Enterprises addressing similar customer needs and pursuing similar strategies of product market can have varying business models (Zott Amit, 2008). The strategy traditionally emphasises on competitive advantage, value capture and competition while the emphasis of business model concept is on joint value creation, partnership and cooperation (Mkinen Seppnen, 2007). Business model also strongly revolves around the criteria of value creation which is customer focused (Mansfield Fourie, 2004). As per this perspective, the pattern related to the economic exchanges of the firm with external parties is encompassed in the business model ((Zott Amit, 2008). The critical details regarding the value proposition of the firm for its different stakeholders and also the firms activity system are used for creation of value and its delivery to the customers (Seddon, Lewis, Freeman, Shanks, 2004). Cost-Revenue Architecture As per this perspective that is more functionalist, business model complements technology which is viewed as business models enabler and not a component of the concept. The competition and resources are not taken as components of the concept of business model. Its main logic is around the revenues and costs of the firm, the value proposition it provides to its customers along with the value capturing mechanisms. Hence, it is a means for innovation. Utilisation of Business Model Conceptualisations in Analysing and Solving Problems The business model conceptualisations have been utilised by strategy scholars with reference to the firms logic, its ways of operating and the way in which it creates values for the stakeholders. This notion on the surface appears the same as that of the notion of strategy. However, they are different and the business model reflects the realised strategy of the firm. It helps the firm in e-business, value creation, performance, sustaining competitive advantage and as a means of innovation by providing the customers with value proposition. The business models differ from strategy in cases of crucial contingencies on which a strategy that is well designed might be based. Business Context and Change in the Business is Inevitable In the business environment of today, there is nothing which remains still. There has been a constant increase in the rates of change faced by business organisations in previous five decades. Business environments have become highly volatile. These are mainly a resultant of information and communication technology, increase in the liberalisation as well as democratisation of the economies throughout the world. Hence, change has become inevitable and is a routine feature in a business. Therefore, the management needs to give it necessary attention for getting business performance that increases continuously (Thomas, 2014). An example of an organisation that had to change its business model is Google. Initially the company did not have a business model. It was unprofitable organisation in the beginning and was fumbling for stable revenue. After it made some profitable forays by sale of search appliances to businesses and also its own technology related to search to other search engines, a radical change of course took place for Google. AdWords program was launched by the company in 2003 through which businesses could advertise to people who were searching for certain items on Google.com. Overnight this turned out to be a success and Google became a search tool which proved to be very popular for the advertising juggernaut. $21 billion profit was reported by the company to be generated in 2008 through advertising driven revenue. AdWords still makes up a lions share of the total revenue as well as profits of Google. Conclusion Increase in understanding in relation to business models and the place that they hold in the corpus of the organisational as well as social sciences provide assistance in the understanding we form of various subjects like competitive advantage, strategy, innovation, competition and market behaviour. It also improves our understanding with regards to the firms as well as the roles that the business models play in changing business contexts. Bibliography Afuah, A. (2004). Business models: A strategic management approach. . New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Amit, R., Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal , 22, 493-520. Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L. (2004). Intangible assets and the economic impact of computers. . In W. Dutton, B. Kahin, OCallaghan., A. Wyckoff, Transforming enterprise (pp. 27-48). Boston: MIT Press. Casadesus-Masanell, R., Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and to tactics Planning. Long Range , 195-215. Dunbar, R. L., Starbuck, W. H. (2006). Learning to design organizations and learning from designing them. Organization Science , 171-178. Ghaziani, A., Ventresca, M. J. (2005). Keywords and cultural change: Frame analysis of business model public talk 1975-2000. . Sociological Forum , 523-559. Mahadevan, B. (2000). Business models for Internet-based e-commerce: An anatomy. . California Management Review , 55-69. Mkinen, S., Seppnen, M. (2007). Assessing business model concepts with taxonomical research criteria: A preliminary study. Management Research News , 735-746. Mansfield, G. M., Fourie, L. C. (2004). Strategy and business modelsstrange bedfellows? A case for conver gence and its evolution into strategic architecture. . South African Journal of Business Management , 35-44. Markides, C., Charitou, C. D. (2004). Competing with dual business models: A contingency approach. . Academy of Management Executive , 22-36. Mendelson, H. (2000). Organizational architecture and success in the information technology industry. . Management Science , 513-529. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneurs business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research , 726-35. Perkmann, M., Spicer, A. (2010). What are business models? Developing a theory of performative representation. In M. Lounsbury (Ed.), Technology and organization: Essays in honour of Joan Woodward (Research in the Sociology of Organizations) (pp. 265-275). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group. Seddon, P. B., Lewis, G. P., Freeman, P., Shanks, G. 2. (2004). The case for viewing business models as abstractions of strategy. Communications of the Association for Information Systems , 427-442. Teece, D. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning , 43, 172-194. Thomas, O. (2014). Change Management and its Effects on Organizational Performance of Nigerian Telecoms Industries: Empirical Insight from Airtel Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education , 1 (11), 170-179. Thompson, J. D., MacMillan, I. C. (2010). Business models: Creating new markets and societal wealth. Long Range Planning , 291-307, 43. Yip, G. (2004). Using strategy to change your business model. . Business Strategy Review , 17-24. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. . Strategic Management Journal , 1-26.

Preparetion of salt Essay Example

Preparetion of salt Paper 1. INSOLUBLE SALTSSoluble salt 1(aq) + soluble salt 2(aq) insoluble salt + soluble salt (aq)acid 1(aq) acid 2(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(g) PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Pb2+(aq) + SO2-4(aq) PbSO4To prepare a salt, you should firstly thoroughly mix the solution, then you should filter it to remove any precipitate. Next, you should, wash with distilled water and finally leave to dry in the oven.2. SOLUBLE SALTSa. Filtrationi. acid + base salt + waterH2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)ii. acid + insoluble metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxideH2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)iii. acid + reaction metal salt + hydrogenH2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)The base or the metal carbonate must be insoluble so that we can remove the excess through the method of filtration. The metals that we can use must react with acids but must not react with water as this would contaminate the salt with metal hydroxide. The metals that we can use are:Mag nesium (Mg)Aluminium (Al)Zinc (Zn)Iron (Fe)We firstly measure approximately 25cm3 of sulphuric acid, by pouring it into a beaker. This only occurs in case i and not in cases ii and iii. Next we heat up the acid until it is virtually boiling. In all cases, we add the solid until it is in excess (more than what will react). This is done so that we can make sure all of the acid reacts. In cases ii and iii, we heat up the beakers to speed up the reactions. To make sure that it is complete we filter the solutions into an evaporating basin.CRYSTALISATIONTo form this process, we boil the solution in the basin in order to concentrate it. We do this until we reach the crystallisation point and that is when it is saturated at that specific temperature. We test this by dipping in a glass rod and then blowing on one end. If a fern like growth of crystals show, it means that we have reached crystallisation point. After doing that, we allow the solution to cool down which produces small crystals. However, we want large crystals. To do this we allow the solution to evaporate at room temperature for about a week, until there are only a few cubic centimetres remaining. These are filtered off because they contain soluble impurities. The crystals are than washed with a little distilled water and dried using filter paper.b. TitrationIf the metal hydroxide or the metal carbonate are soluble, (i.e. alkalis), we cannot remove the excess via the process of filtration. Therefore, we have to react these substances in their correct stoichiometric amounts (i.e. there is no excess of either of them). This is done by a process known as titration.All sodium (Na) and potassium (K) salts have to be prepared by titration as their hydroxides and carbonates are soluble.i. base of soluble metal hydroxide + acid salt + waterNaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)ii. metal carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxideNa2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Here are some pictures of the equ ipment that we need for this experiment:graduation pointThe pipette is used for measuring out with a fixed volume of solution. We firstly wash it out with the solution that we are going to use. In our case we are using hydrochloric acid.We then pipette 20cm3 of the acid into a conical flask. Then we then add a few drops of universal indicator to the solution.A burette is used for measuring a variable volume of solution. We also (like with the pipette) wash out the burette with alkali, which happens to sodium hydroxide in this case. We firstly fill the burette with the prescribed alkali through a funnel until the alkali reaches 0cm3.The alkali is very caustic. This means it will wear away into wood or anything in its way. The only way to stop this from happening, is to neutralise it by pouring an acid over it.We then titrate the hydrochloric acid solution with the solution from the burette until we reach the equivalence point, (end point).The indicator should abruptly change colour f rom red to a mid-range colour, orange. You should wash out the conical flask with water and repeat to get consistent titres which are within 0.2cm3 of each other. We repeat the whole thing using the same volumes but no indicators so the final colour of the solution is not changed. We then crystallise the solution as normal.Here are some results from this experiment overleaf:ATTEMPTROUGHONETWOFINAL22.3021.0042.10INITIAL-1.200.0021.00TITRE21.1021.0021.10c. EvaporationAnother method of making ammonium nitrate is done when either the acid or the alkali is volatile (evaporates easily). An example of this is for an acid -hydrochloric acid or for an alkali ammonia. In these cases we do not need to use the process of titration to prepare the salt. We can simply add the excess of the one that is volatile and the excess will evaporate when we come to evaporate the solution.NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)We measure out approximately 20cm3 of nitric acid into an evaporating basin. We then add am monia solution while stirring until in excess. We can check for this by its smell and confirm it is in excess by using red litmus paper which should turn blue. We then crystallise the solution as usual where upon the excess ammonia will evaporate.